« 全球化的经济和社会史，16-21 世纪 » : différence entre les versions

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Based on a lecture by Michel Oris<ref>[http://cigev.unige.ch/fr/team-cigev/oris/ Page personnelle de Michel Oris sur le site de l'Université de Genève]</ref><ref>[http://www.unige.ch/rectorat/home/vice-recteur-michel-oris/ Page du Vice-recteur Michel Oris sur le site l'Université de Genève]</ref><ref>[http://cigev.unige.ch/files/4114/3706/0157/cv_oris_fr_20150716.pdf CV de Michel Oris en français]</ref>
根据米歇尔-奥利斯的演讲改编<ref>[http://cigev.unige.ch/fr/team-cigev/oris/ Page personnelle de Michel Oris sur le site de l'Université de Genève]</ref><ref>[http://www.unige.ch/rectorat/home/vice-recteur-michel-oris/ Page du Vice-recteur Michel Oris sur le site l'Université de Genève]</ref><ref>[http://cigev.unige.ch/files/4114/3706/0157/cv_oris_fr_20150716.pdf CV de Michel Oris en français]</ref>


{{Translations
{{Translations
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[[Fichier:World map subway 1.jpg|vignette|400px|droite]]
[[Fichier:World map subway 1.jpg|vignette|400px|droite]]


This course draws heavily on the research of Paul Bairoch, whose work is a leading authority on economic and social history. Our journey through time aims to provide students with a solid understanding of the historical dynamics that have shaped our contemporary economic and social world. Our aim is to provide you with a reading grid that transcends time and enables you to decipher the contours and complexities of today's issues, which are the fruit of a long historical process.
本课程在很大程度上借鉴了保罗-拜罗赫的研究成果，他的著作是经济史和社会史方面的权威。我们的时间之旅旨在让学生扎实地了解塑造当代经济和社会世界的历史动力。我们的目标是为您提供一个跨越时间的阅读网格，使您能够解读当今问题的轮廓和复杂性，这些问题是长期历史进程的成果。


We will endeavour to identify the major shifts and turning points in economic and social history through a series of structuring themes. The course will begin with an examination of European societies at the dawn of economic modernity, from the end of the Middle Ages to the threshold of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. This historical sketch will lay the foundations for understanding the upheavals to come. We will then look at the Industrial Revolution, a global phenomenon with its epicentres in Europe, but rapidly spreading to the United States and Japan. This second part will examine the mechanisms and repercussions of this momentous turning point. The third part will look at the first wave of globalisation, from 1850 to 1914, a period during which economies became interconnected on an unprecedented scale.
我们将通过一系列结构性主题，努力确定经济和社会历史的重大转变和转折点。课程将首先考察经济现代化初期的欧洲社会，从中世纪末期到 18 世纪工业革命前夕。这一历史勾勒将为理解未来的动荡奠定基础。然后，我们将探讨工业革命这一全球现象，它的中心在欧洲，但迅速蔓延到美国和日本。第二部分将探讨这一重大转折点的机制和影响。第三部分将探讨 1850 年至 1914 年的第一波全球化浪潮，在此期间，各经济体以前所未有的规模相互联系。


Continuing our exploration, we will revisit the 15th century to compare the socio-economic contexts of the major regions of the world at that time, and then analyse the 'great divergence', the process that led to the distinction between developed and developing countries, often referred to as the Third World. The 'long' 20th century, stretching up to the present day, will be addressed in a fifth section. We will look at the countries of the North, which are facing growth crises and are currently engaged in a delicate transition towards 'post-industrial' societies. We will conclude this course by focusing on the countries of the South in the sixth part. Having borne the burden of decolonisation and suffered the after-effects of a colonial system that confined them to economic dependence on the West, these countries are now faced with the challenges of a demographic explosion and poverty. Despite this, some of them are beginning to emerge on the world stage, redefining contemporary economic and geopolitical balances.
继续探索，我们将重访 15 世纪，比较当时世界主要地区的社会经济背景，然后分析 "大分化"，即导致发达国家和发展中国家（通常称为第三世界）区分的过程。第五部分将探讨绵延至今的 "漫长 "20 世纪。我们将关注北方国家，这些国家正面临增长危机，目前正处于向 "后工业 "社会的微妙转型期。最后，我们将在第六部分关注南方国家。这些国家承担了非殖民化的重任，并遭受了殖民制度的后遗症，使其在经济上只能依赖西方，现在它们面临着人口爆炸和贫困的挑战。尽管如此，其中一些国家正开始崛起于世界舞台，重新定义当代经济和地缘政治的平衡。


= Lectures =
= 讲座 =


== Part 1 - Pre-industrial European economies and societies: 15th century - 18th century ==
== 第 1 部分 - 前工业化时期的欧洲经济和社会： 15 世纪 - 18 世纪 ==


1 - [[Agrarian Structures and Rural Society: Analysis of the Preindustrial European Peasantry]]
1 - [[Agrarian Structures and Rural Society: Analysis of the Preindustrial European Peasantry]]
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3 - [[Evolution of Socioeconomic Structures in the Eighteenth Century: From the Ancien Régime to Modernity]]
3 - [[Evolution of Socioeconomic Structures in the Eighteenth Century: From the Ancien Régime to Modernity]]


== Part 2 - The industrial revolution ==
== 第 2 部分 - 工业革命 ==


4 - [[Origins and causes of the English industrial revolution]]
4 - [[Origins and causes of the English industrial revolution]]
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8 - [[The social costs of the Industrial Revolution]]
8 - [[The social costs of the Industrial Revolution]]


== Part 3 - Integration of national economies and early globalisation: 1850 - 1914 ==
== 第 3 部分 - 国家经济一体化和早期全球化： 1850 - 1914 ==


[[Historical Analysis of the Cyclical Phases of the First Globalisation]]
[[Historical Analysis of the Cyclical Phases of the First Globalisation]]
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12 - [[The Transformation of Social Structures and Relations during the Industrial Revolution]]
12 - [[The Transformation of Social Structures and Relations during the Industrial Revolution]]


== Part 4 - Third Worlds: 16th century - 19th century ==
== 第 4 部分 - 第三世界：16 世纪 - 19 世纪 ==
13 - [[The Origins of the Third World and the Impact of Colonisation]]
13 - [[The Origins of the Third World and the Impact of Colonisation]]


14 - [[Failures and Obstacles in the Third World]]
14 - [[Failures and Obstacles in the Third World]]


== Part 5 - The 20th century in the countries of the North ==
== 第 5 部分：20 世纪的北方国家 ==
15 - [[Changing Methods of Work: Evolving Production Relationships from the End of the Nineteenth to the Middle of the Twentieth Century]]
15 - [[Changing Methods of Work: Evolving Production Relationships from the End of the Nineteenth to the Middle of the Twentieth Century]]


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18 - [[The Challenges of the Welfare State]]
18 - [[The Challenges of the Welfare State]]


== Part 6 - The 20th century in the countries of the South ==
== 第 6 部分--南方国家的 20 世纪 ==
19 - [[Around colonisation: fears and hopes for development]]
19 - [[Around colonisation: fears and hopes for development]]


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21 - [[Globalisation and modes of development in the "third world"]]
21 - [[Globalisation and modes of development in the "third world"]]


= Annexes =
= 附录 =


= References =
= 参考资料 =
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Version du 28 novembre 2023 à 09:57

根据米歇尔-奥利斯的演讲改编[1][2][3]

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World map subway 1.jpg

本课程在很大程度上借鉴了保罗-拜罗赫的研究成果，他的著作是经济史和社会史方面的权威。我们的时间之旅旨在让学生扎实地了解塑造当代经济和社会世界的历史动力。我们的目标是为您提供一个跨越时间的阅读网格，使您能够解读当今问题的轮廓和复杂性，这些问题是长期历史进程的成果。

我们将通过一系列结构性主题，努力确定经济和社会历史的重大转变和转折点。课程将首先考察经济现代化初期的欧洲社会，从中世纪末期到 18 世纪工业革命前夕。这一历史勾勒将为理解未来的动荡奠定基础。然后，我们将探讨工业革命这一全球现象，它的中心在欧洲，但迅速蔓延到美国和日本。第二部分将探讨这一重大转折点的机制和影响。第三部分将探讨 1850 年至 1914 年的第一波全球化浪潮，在此期间，各经济体以前所未有的规模相互联系。

继续探索，我们将重访 15 世纪，比较当时世界主要地区的社会经济背景，然后分析 "大分化"，即导致发达国家和发展中国家（通常称为第三世界）区分的过程。第五部分将探讨绵延至今的 "漫长 "20 世纪。我们将关注北方国家，这些国家正面临增长危机，目前正处于向 "后工业 "社会的微妙转型期。最后，我们将在第六部分关注南方国家。这些国家承担了非殖民化的重任，并遭受了殖民制度的后遗症，使其在经济上只能依赖西方，现在它们面临着人口爆炸和贫困的挑战。尽管如此，其中一些国家正开始崛起于世界舞台，重新定义当代经济和地缘政治的平衡。

讲座

第 1 部分 - 前工业化时期的欧洲经济和社会： 15 世纪 - 18 世纪

1 - Agrarian Structures and Rural Society: Analysis of the Preindustrial European Peasantry

2 - The demographic regime of the Ancien Régime: homeostasis

3 - Evolution of Socioeconomic Structures in the Eighteenth Century: From the Ancien Régime to Modernity

第 2 部分 - 工业革命

4 - Origins and causes of the English industrial revolution

5 - Structural mechanisms of the industrial revolution

6 - The spread of the Industrial Revolution in continental Europe

7 - The Industrial Revolution beyond Europe: the United States and Japan

8 - The social costs of the Industrial Revolution

第 3 部分 - 国家经济一体化和早期全球化： 1850 - 1914

Historical Analysis of the Cyclical Phases of the First Globalisation

9 - Dynamics of National Markets and the Globalisation of Product Trade

10 - The Formation of Global Migration Systems

11 - Dynamics and Impacts of the Globalisation of Money Markets : The Central Role of Great Britain and France

12 - The Transformation of Social Structures and Relations during the Industrial Revolution

第 4 部分 - 第三世界：16 世纪 - 19 世纪

13 - The Origins of the Third World and the Impact of Colonisation

14 - Failures and Obstacles in the Third World

第 5 部分：20 世纪的北方国家

15 - Changing Methods of Work: Evolving Production Relationships from the End of the Nineteenth to the Middle of the Twentieth Century

16 - The Glorious Thirty

17 - The Changing World Economy: 1973-2007

18 - The Challenges of the Welfare State

第 6 部分--南方国家的 20 世纪

19 - Around colonisation: fears and hopes for development

20 - Time of Ruptures: Challenges and Opportunities in the International Economy

21 - Globalisation and modes of development in the "third world"

附录

参考资料


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