INTRODUCTION TO MACROECONOMICS Professor Marcelo Olarreaga June 9, 2010

1 In Ecoland, net factor income abroad is positive, indirect taxes are equal to 200, production subsidies are equal to 100, and capital depreciation is equal to 100. What can we say with with certainty ?

	Net National Product at factor prices is larger than Net National Product at market prices.
	National Income is smalIer than Net National Product at market prices.
	Domestic product is larger than National Product.
	We cannot say with certainty whether National Product at factor prices is smalIer or larger than National Product at market prices.

2 Real GDP per capita is an imperfect measure of the standard of living because :

	it does not take into account the negative externalities that economie activity has on the envi­ronment.
	it does not take into account the size of the population that needs to share global production.
	it does not take into account the purchasing power lost due to a generalized priee increase.
	it overestimates the importance of the informai economy.

3 Consider an economy in which there are three sectors and for which you only have the following information :

We can then state the following :

	GDP calculated as the sum of factor income is equal to 25.
	Value added of sector B is 10.
	GDP calculated as the sum of final output is equal to 80.
	The sum of value added is equal to 115.

4 What is the difference between the GDP deflator and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) ?

	The GDP deflator overestimates inflation and the CPI underestimates inflation due to the sub­ situation bias.
	The GDP deflator underestimates inflation and the CPI overestimates it due to consumer hete­rogeneity.
	The GDP deflator excludes the price of exported goods and the CPI includes them.
	The GDP deflator excludes the price of imported goods and the CPI includes them.

5 The GDP in 2005 evaluated at 2001 prices was equal to 460, and the consumer price index in 2005 with base 100 in 2001 was equal to 105. We can say with certainty that :

	Nominal GDP increased between 2001 and 2005.
	The inflation rate between 2001 and 2005 was 50%.
	Purchasing power increased by 5% between 2001 and 2005.
	None of the above is correct.

6 The residents of Frutland spend all their income on oranges, apples and bananas. In 2004, they purchased 50 oranges at a priee of 2CHF each, 50 apples at a priee of 1 CHF each and 500 bananas at a priee of O.lCHF each. In 2005, they purchased 75 oranges at a priee of 3CHF each, 80 apples at a priee of 1CHF each, and 500 bananas at a priee of 0.2CHF each. If the base year was 2004, and we calculate the inflation rate using the consumer priee index, what is the rate of inflation in 2005 ?

	60%
	45%
	50%
	20%

7 Consider the folIowing production function : Y = A· F(L, K, H, N) with A being technological know­ ledge, L labor, K physical capital, H human capital and Nnatural resource endowments. Let's assume that the production function exhibits constant returns to scale, and declining marginal factor productivity. Which of the folIowing is correct ?

	If we double natural resource endowments, production will also double.
	If we double the number of workers and physical capital, production will also double.
	If we double the number of workers, labor productivity will increase.
	If we double the amount of human capital, labor productivity will increase.

8 Consider the equilibrium in the folIowing labor market :

The government sets the minimum wage at 25. Which of the folIowing is correct ?

	We have structural unemployment, but an increase in labor productivity can help eliminate the
	We have frictional unemployment, but no structural unemployment.
	If the minimum wage goes below 20, frictional and structural unemployment will disappear.
	If the capital-laber ratio increases, employment will falI.

9 Population is 250 million. Employed workers are 150 million. What is the unemployment rate ?

	10%.
	40%.
	60%.
	It is not possible to answer the question with the information that is available.

10 Let us assume a closed economy that does not trade with the rest of the world. GDP is Y = 8000 and private consumption is given by the following function : C= 1000 + 0.5 (Y- T) - 300 r, where Tare taxes and r is the interest rate in %.Investment depends negatively on the interest rate and is given by the following function : 1 = 3000 - 200 r. The government budget is balanced, and government expenditure equals 2000. The interest rate, private savings (Sp), and public savings (Sg) are given by :

	r = 2%, Sp = 2600, Sg = 0.
	r =2%, Sp =2600, Sg= 2600.
	r = 4%, Sp =2800, Sg= 0.
	r = 4%, Sp = 0, Sg = 2000.

11 Which of the following is not compatible with the presence of financial bubbles :

	Financial markets are inefficient.
	Investors decisions are based on observed prices.
	Investors are irrational.
	Asset prices reflect firms' fundamentals.

12 Reserve requirements, r, are equal to 50% and the share of liquidity that household decide to keep in their pockets, c, is around 50%. Which of the following is correct ? (rc=O by assumption)

	Money supply (Ml) is equal to the monetary base (Mo).
	The money multiplier equals 10.
	The monetary base corresponds to 50% of the money supply.
	Commercial banks are creating half of the money supply.

13 According to the quantitative theory of money and assuming that the velocity of money is constant, we can assert that :

	When the Central Bank doubles money supply, prices double if there is no real growth.
	If money supply increases by 3%, nominal GDP falls by 3%.
	If money supply increases by 2%, real income necessarily increases by 2%.
	None of the above is correct.

14 Regarding seignoriage (printing money to finance a budget deficit), which of the following is wrong ?

	It has the same impact as a tax levied on aIl citizens.
	It allows the government to finance part of its deficit.
	It is undertaken by the government and it results in inflation.
	When inflation is perfectly anticipated, it created distortions between private borrowers and private savers.

15 According the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) model of exchange rates, if prices in Switzerland increase by 2%, while they increase by 5% in the euro zone, we can expect :

	a 7% depreciation of the CHF relatively to the Euro
	a 7% appreciation of the CHF relatively to the Euro
	a 3% depreciation of the CHF relatively to the Euro
	a 3% appreciation of the CHF relatively to the Euro

16 Which of the following cannot be the counterpart in the balance of payments of Swiss exports of Rivella to the United States ?

	A cheque by an American distribution company to Rivella headquarters in Switzerland.
	A foreign direct investment by an American company in Switzerland.
	The payment in US dollars to Rivella.
	Imports of Coca Cola by a distributor in Switzerland.

17 What is the impact on net exports and the real exchange rate in the domestic economy of an increase in rest-of-the world interest rates ?

	In the domestic economy net exports fall and the domestic currency appreciates.
	In the domestic economy net exports increase and the domestic currency appreciates.
	In the domestic economy net exports fall and the domestic currency depreciates.
	In the domestic economy net exports increase and the domestic currency depreciates.

18 Which of the following is consistent with an appreciation of the Swiss Franc ?

	An increase in the international demand for watches made in Switzerland.
	An increase in the Swiss demand for oranges produced in Spain and Italy.
	An increase in net capital outflows from Switzerland to the United States.
	A reduction in the government deficit in Switzerland.

19 An increase in net capital outflows in country A has the following consequences :

	A fall in the demand for loanable funds in country A.
	A fall in the interest rate in country A.
	An appreciation of country A's currency and a de cline of its trade surplus.
	None of the above is correct.

20 A lobbying campaign results in an increase in the consumption of domestically produced goods and services. Using the IS-LM model, what would be its impact on the interest rate and real income of a small open economy.

	The interest rate falls and real income increases.
	The interest rate falls and real income decreases.
	The interest rate rises and real income increases.
	The interest rate rises and real income decreases.

21 According to the IS-LM model, which of the following is correct ?

	An increase in government spending causes a shift of the IS curve to the right, while an increase in money supply causes a shift of the LM curve to the left.
	An increase in government spending accompanied by a fall in exports always causes a shift of the IS curve to the right.
	A decrease in government spending accompanied by an increase in money supply always causes a fall in the interest rate.
	A fall in exports accompanied by a fall in money supply can cause an increase or decrease of real income, depending on the level of government spending.

22 According to the theory of liquidity preferences, which of the following is correct ?

	An increase in real income is not consistent with an increase in the interest rate.
	A change in the level of priees would have no impact on the interest rate.
	The impact of a change in real income on the demand for liquidity explains the positive slope of the LM curve.
	An increase in money supply will lead to a fall in the demand for liquidity in equilibrium.

23 According to the short-run model of aggregate demand and supply, what is the impact on inflation and unemployment of an increase in net exports ?

	Inflation and unemployment increase.
	Inflation and unemployment decrease.
	Inflation increases and unemployment decreases.
	Inflation decreases and unemployment increases.

24 According to the aggregate demand and supply model, what would happen if capital is permanently destroyed by war ?

	In the short-run prices increase, but we cannot say with certainty what happens to real income.
	Prices increase in the short and long-run, but the price increase in the short-run is larger than in the long-run.
	In the long-run prices increase and real income falls.
	Real income falls, but only in the short-run.

25 According to the aggregate demand and supply model, which of the following is correct ?

	If households become pessimistic regarding future economic conditions and decide to consume less, real income will fall in the long-run.
	When prices are ab ove expected prices, aggregate supply in the short-run is above the level of aggregate supply in the long-run.
	The positive slope of the long- run aggregate supply curve can be explained by the theory of rigid prices.
	Technological progress will help shift the long-run aggregate supply curve, but it will not shift the short-run aggregate supply curve.

26 With an additional Swiss Franc, the representative individual consumes 0.80 cents and saves 0.20 cents. Which of the following is wrong ?

	The marginal propensity to consume is 0.80 and the keynesian multiplier of government expen­diture in a closed economy equals 5.
	If the marginal propensity to import is 0.30, the keynesian multiplier of government expenditure equals 2.
	In a closed economy if government expenditure increases by CHF 10000, income increases by CHF 80000.
	If the marginal propensity to import equals 0.30 and government expenditure increases by CHF 10000, income increases by CHF 20000.

27 In the Keynesian model, which of the following is correct ?

	The demand for loanable funds will increase following an increase in government expenditure and this will lead to an increase in the interest rate.
	The final impact on real GDP of an increase in government expenditure is larger than the initial increase in government expenditure if the multiplier effect is larger than the crowding out effect.
	The crowding-out effect amplifies the impact on aggregate demand of an increase in government expenditure.
	The smaller is the marginal propensity to consume, the larger the keynesian multiplier of go­vernment expenditure.

28 According to the short-run Phillips curve, which of the following is correct ?

	An expansionary monetary policy will increase unemployment and will shift the Phillips curve
	A restrictive monetary policy will increase inflation and reduce unemployment.
	An expansionary monetary policy will increase inflation and unemployment.
	A restrictive monetary policy will reduce inflation and increase unemployment.

29 The observed and expected inflation rate are two determinants of unemployment. The natural rate of unemployment (or the long-run rate of unemployment) is equal to 4%. Which of the following is correct ?

	If expected inflation is above observed inflation the unemployment rate is above 4%.
	If expected inflation is above observed inflation the unemployment rate is below 4%.
	If expected inflation is below observed inflation there is no unemployment.
	If expected inflation is below observed inflation the unemployment rate is equal to 4%.

30 Why do the policies of United States' Central Bank (the Fed) fail during the 2008 crisis ?

	The Fed's intervention was successful in reducing interest rates, but consumption did not react to the fall in interest rates.
	The Fed's intervention generated inflation, which reduced investment, and led to a fall in aggre­gate demand.
	The Fed's intervention generated inflation, but unemployment increased.
	The Fed's intervention did not manage to reduce interest rates because money demand was perfectly elastic.