The sources of law - Historique des versions

Arthur : /* The general principles of law */

2023-12-12T06:47:44Z

The general principles of law

Arthur : /* The general principles of law */

2023-12-12T06:46:57Z

The general principles of law

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Arthur : /* The doctrine */

2023-12-12T06:45:31Z

The doctrine

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Arthur : /* The law */

2023-12-12T06:36:20Z

The law

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Arthur : /* The custom */

2023-12-12T06:33:23Z

The custom

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Arthur le 12 décembre 2023 à 06:31

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	~~La recherche des~~ sources ~~du droit dans une~~ perspective ~~sociologique et philosophique va au-delà de la~~ simple identification ~~des textes législatifs et des décisions judiciaires~~. ~~Cette approche considère que le droit émane des profondeurs de la vie sociale~~, ~~reflétant les coutumes~~, ~~les valeurs~~, ~~les croyances et les pratiques d'une communauté~~. ~~Dans cette vision~~, ~~les normes juridiques sont vues comme une~~ formalisation ~~des règles sociales existantes~~, ~~illustrant comment le droit émerge naturellement de la société plutôt que d'être simplement imposé de l'extérieur~~.		Research into the sources of law from a sociological and philosophical perspective goes beyond the simple identification of legislative texts and judicial decisions. This approach considers that law emanates from the depths of social life, reflecting the customs, values, beliefs and practices of a community. In this view, legal norms are seen as a formalisation of existing social rules, illustrating how law emerges naturally from society rather than simply being imposed from outside.

	~~Le droit est donc perçu comme un phénomène dynamique~~, ~~évoluant constamment avec les changements dans les~~ attitudes ~~sociales~~, ~~les~~ structures ~~économiques et les~~ relations ~~de pouvoir~~. ~~Par exemple~~, ~~les évolutions dans la~~ perception ~~des droits des minorités ou les~~ attitudes ~~envers l~~'~~environnement ont conduit à de nouvelles législations et politiques publiques. Ces changements montrent comment le droit peut~~ s~~'adapter et se reformuler en réponse aux nouvelles réalités et exigences de la société~~.		Law is therefore seen as a dynamic phenomenon, constantly evolving with changes in social attitudes, economic structures and power relations. For example, changes in the perception of minority rights or attitudes towards the environment have led to new legislation and public policies. These changes show how the law can adapt and reformulate itself in response to society's new realities and demands.

	~~En outre, cette approche souligne l'~~interaction ~~complexe entre le droit et la société~~. ~~Le droit est à la fois un miroir des normes sociales et un outil de changement~~ social. ~~Par exemple~~, ~~les lois sur l'égalité des sexes ne se contentent pas de refléter un changement d'attitude envers les femmes~~, ~~mais jouent également un rôle actif dans la promotion de l'égalité des sexes~~. ~~Enfin~~, ~~le rôle des différents acteurs dans le système juridique est~~ crucial. ~~Les législateurs~~, ~~les juges~~, ~~les avocats et les citoyens eux-mêmes contribuent à l'interprétation et à la mise en œuvre du droit~~, ~~souvent influencés par leurs propres~~ perspectives ~~et intérêts~~. ~~Ces acteurs façonnent le droit à travers leurs~~ actions ~~et décisions~~, ~~rendant le processus juridique non seulement une~~ application ~~des règles~~, ~~mais aussi une~~ interaction ~~continue entre différents points de vue et intérêts au sein de la société~~.		This approach also highlights the complex interaction between law and society. The law is both a mirror of social norms and a tool for social change. For example, gender equality laws not only reflect a change in attitudes towards women, but also play an active role in promoting gender equality. Finally, the role of the various players in the legal system is crucial. Legislators, judges, lawyers and citizens themselves contribute to the interpretation and implementation of the law, often influenced by their own perspectives and interests. These actors shape the law through their actions and decisions, making the legal process not only an application of rules, but also an ongoing interaction between different viewpoints and interests within society.

	= La distinction ~~entre les~~ sources ~~formelles et les sources matérielles du droit~~ =		= The distinction between formal and substantive sources of law =
	La distinction ~~entre les sources formelles et les~~ sources ~~matérielles du droit est essentielle pour comprendre comment les règles de droit sont créées et les~~ influences ~~qui les façonnent~~.		The distinction between formal and substantive sources of law is essential to understanding how legal rules are created and the influences that shape them.

	~~Les sources formelles~~, ~~ou directes~~, ~~du droit sont les moyens officiels par lesquels les règles de droit sont formulées et exprimées~~. ~~Elles comprennent des éléments comme la législation~~, ~~où les parlements et autres organes législatifs adoptent des lois qui définissent des droits et des~~ obligations ~~spécifiques~~. ~~La jurisprudence est une autre~~ source ~~formelle importante~~, ~~impliquant les décisions des tribunaux qui interprètent et appliquent les lois dans des cas concrets~~. ~~Ces~~ sources ~~formelles sont obligatoires et ont une autorité juridique directe~~, ~~ce qui signifie qu'elles doivent être suivies et appliquées par les tribunaux~~, ~~les gouvernements et les citoyens~~.		Formal, or direct, sources of law are the formal means by which legal rules are formulated and expressed. They include such things as legislation, where parliaments and other legislative bodies pass laws that define specific rights and obligations. Case law is another important formal source, involving court decisions that interpret and apply laws in concrete cases. These formal sources are binding and have direct legal authority, which means that they must be followed and applied by courts, governments and citizens.

	~~D'autre part~~, ~~les sources matérielles~~, ~~ou indirectes~~, ~~du droit représentent les~~ influences ~~et les facteurs qui contribuent à la création et à l'évolution du contenu du droit~~. ~~Ces~~ sources ~~englobent une vaste gamme de phénomènes sociaux~~, ~~culturels~~, ~~économiques et politiques~~. ~~Par exemple~~, ~~les mouvements sociaux~~, ~~les changements dans les~~ attitudes ~~publiques~~, ~~les développements économiques~~, ~~et les idéologies politiques peuvent tous influencer la création de nouvelles lois ou la~~ modification ~~de la législation existante~~. ~~Les~~ sources ~~matérielles ne sont pas des règles de droit en elles-mêmes~~, ~~mais elles jouent un rôle~~ crucial ~~dans la formation de la~~ substance ~~et de la matière du droit~~.		On the other hand, the material, or indirect, sources of law represent the influences and factors that contribute to the creation and evolution of the content of law. These sources encompass a wide range of social, cultural, economic and political phenomena. For example, social movements, changes in public attitudes, economic developments, and political ideologies can all influence the creation of new laws or the modification of existing legislation. Material sources are not rules of law in themselves, but they play a crucial role in shaping the substance and matter of the law.

	~~Les~~ sources ~~formelles représentent la manière officielle et autorisée par laquelle le droit est établi et exprimé~~, ~~tandis que les~~ sources ~~matérielles sont les divers facteurs et~~ influences ~~qui façonnent le contenu et l'évolution du droit~~. ~~Cette~~ distinction ~~souligne l'~~interaction ~~entre la~~ structure ~~juridique formelle et les dynamiques sociales et culturelles plus larges qui influencent le développement du droit~~.		Formal sources represent the official and authorised way in which the law is established and expressed, while material sources are the various factors and influences that shape the content and evolution of the law. This distinction highlights the interaction between the formal legal structure and the wider social and cultural dynamics that influence the development of law.

	= ~~Les~~ sources ~~formelles du droit~~ =		= The formal sources of law =
	~~Dans l'histoire du développement juridique, on constate que la~~ nature ~~et la prédominance des~~ sources ~~formelles du droit changent en fonction de l'~~organisation ~~sociale et politique des sociétés~~.		The history of legal development shows that the nature and predominance of formal sources of law change according to the social and political organisation of societies.

	~~Dans les sociétés moins organisées ou plus anciennes~~, ~~la coutume jouait souvent un rôle~~ central ~~comme~~ source ~~formelle du droit~~. ~~Les coutumes~~, ~~qui sont des pratiques et des~~ traditions ~~acceptées au fil du temps par une communauté~~, ~~servaient de fondement principal aux règles juridiques~~. ~~Ces règles n'étaient pas écrites~~, ~~mais étaient transmises et appliquées par~~ tradition et consensus ~~social~~. ~~Cependant~~, ~~à mesure que les sociétés se sont développées et organisées~~, ~~notamment avec l'émergence des États-nations et des systèmes politiques plus complexes~~, ~~le rôle de la loi écrite a pris de plus en plus d'importance~~. ~~Les systèmes de loi modernes sont caractérisés par des règles de droit écrites~~, ~~formulées et adoptées par des organes législatifs officiels~~. ~~Ces lois écrites offrent plusieurs avantages~~, ~~notamment une plus grande clarté~~, ~~une uniformité dans l'~~application ~~et la possibilité de s'adapter plus facilement aux changements sociaux et technologiques~~.		In less organised or older societies, custom often played a central role as a formal source of law. Customs, which are practices and traditions accepted over time by a community, served as the main basis for legal rules. These rules were not written down, but were handed down and applied by tradition and social consensus. However, as societies have developed and become more organised, notably with the emergence of nation states and more complex political systems, the role of written law has become increasingly important. Modern systems of law are characterised by written rules of law, formulated and adopted by official legislative bodies. These written laws offer a number of advantages, including greater clarity, uniformity of application and the ability to adapt more easily to social and technological change.

	~~Dans les sociétés contemporaines~~, ~~la loi écrite est devenue la~~ source ~~formelle de droit la plus dominante~~. ~~Cela ne signifie pas que les autres~~ sources, ~~comme la coutume~~, ~~ont complètement disparu~~, ~~mais leur rôle est devenu moins~~ central ~~dans la plupart des systèmes juridiques modernes~~. ~~En effet~~, ~~la loi écrite permet une régulation plus précise et systématique des~~ relations ~~sociales, économiques et politiques dans des sociétés complexes et en rapide évolution~~.		In contemporary societies, written law has become the most dominant formal source of law. This does not mean that other sources, such as custom, have completely disappeared, but their role has become less central in most modern legal systems. This is because written law allows more precise and systematic regulation of social, economic and political relations in complex and rapidly changing societies.

	== ~~La coutume~~ ==		== The custom ==
	La coutume est une source de droit non écrite qui se forme à partir des pratiques répétées et bien établies au sein d'une collectivité. Elle devient une règle juridique lorsque ces pratiques sont tenues par la communauté comme étant juridiquement obligatoires. Ce caractère obligatoire est issu de l'acceptation collective et non d'une formalisation écrite. Historiquement, dans de nombreuses sociétés, la coutume a joué un rôle central dans la régulation des comportements. Par exemple, dans de nombreuses communautés rurales, des coutumes régissaient l'utilisation des terres agricoles, le partage de l'eau, ou la résolution de conflits au sein de la communauté. Ces règles n'étaient pas écrites, mais étaient respectées et suivies aussi rigoureusement que les lois écrites dans les sociétés modernes.		La coutume est une source de droit non écrite qui se forme à partir des pratiques répétées et bien établies au sein d'une collectivité. Elle devient une règle juridique lorsque ces pratiques sont tenues par la communauté comme étant juridiquement obligatoires. Ce caractère obligatoire est issu de l'acceptation collective et non d'une formalisation écrite. Historiquement, dans de nombreuses sociétés, la coutume a joué un rôle central dans la régulation des comportements. Par exemple, dans de nombreuses communautés rurales, des coutumes régissaient l'utilisation des terres agricoles, le partage de l'eau, ou la résolution de conflits au sein de la communauté. Ces règles n'étaient pas écrites, mais étaient respectées et suivies aussi rigoureusement que les lois écrites dans les sociétés modernes.

Arthur le 12 décembre 2023 à 06:30

2023-12-12T06:30:27Z

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Arthur le 6 avril 2021 à 06:47

2021-04-06T06:47:13Z

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	Custom is the set of legal rules resulting from a use established in a community and held by it as legally binding; it is a direct source of unwritten law.		Custom is the set of legal rules resulting from a use established in a community and held by it as legally binding; it is a direct source of unwritten law.

	Custom is the oldest form of law formation, it is the almost exclusive source of law. Gilissen shows that between the 10th and 12th centuries, custom was the main source of law in Western societies. Basically, for 200 years, custom has not been widely used.		Custom is the oldest form of law formation, it is the almost exclusive source of law. Gilissen shows that between the 10th and 12th centuries, custom was the main source of law in Western societies. Basically, for 200 years, the custom has not been widely used.

	Customs are there to supplement a written law. They arise from the practices of a particular group, they can change if the practice changes and they can disappear by repeal or obsolescence.		Customs are there to supplement a written law. They arise from the practices of a particular group, they can change if the practice changes and they can disappear by repeal or obsolescence.

Arthur : /* Annexes */

2020-01-18T16:47:26Z

Annexes

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	= Annexes =		= Annexes =
			*Université de Genève. “Introduction Aux Droits De L'Homme.” Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/learn/droits-de-lhomme.

	= References =		= References =

Arthur le 24 juin 2019 à 21:42

2019-06-24T21:42:11Z

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	\| assistants =		\| assistants =
	\| enregistrement =		\| enregistrement =
	\| cours = [[Introduction ~~au droit~~]]		\| cours = [[Introduction to law]]
	\| lectures =		\| lectures =
	*[[~~Définition du droit~~]]		*[[The definition of law]]
	*[[~~L’État~~]]		*[[The State]]
	*[[~~Les différentes~~ branches ~~du droit~~]]		*[[The different branches of law]]
	*[[~~Les~~ sources ~~du droit~~]]		*[[The sources of law]]
	*[[~~Les grandes~~ traditions ~~formatrices du droit~~]]		*[[The great formative traditions of law]]
	*[[~~Les éléments de la relation juridique~~]]		*[[The elements of the legal relationship]]
	*[[~~L’application du droit~~]]		*[[The application of law]]
	*[[~~La mise en œuvre d’une loi~~]]		*[[The implementation of a law]]
	*[[~~L’évolution de la Suisse des origines au XXème siècle~~]]		*[[The evolution of Switzerland from its origins to the 20th century]]
	*[[~~Le cadre juridique interne de la Suisse~~]]		*[[Switzerland's domestic legal framework]]
	*[[La structure ~~d’État~~, ~~le régime politique et la neutralité de la Suisse~~]]		*[[Switzerland's state structure, political system and neutrality]]
	*[[~~L’évolution des~~ relations ~~internationales de la fin du XIXe au milieu du XXe siècle~~]]		*[[The evolution of international relations from the end of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century]]
	*[[~~Les organisations universelles~~]]		*[[The universal organizations]]
	*[[~~Les~~ organisations ~~européennes et leurs~~ relations ~~avec la Suisse~~]]		*[[European organisations and their relations with Switzerland]]
	*[[~~Les catégories et les générations de droits fondamentaux~~]]		*[[Categories and generations of fundamental rights]]
	*[[~~Les origines des droits fondamentaux~~]]		*[[The origins of fundamental rights]]
	*[[~~Les déclarations des droits de la fin du XVIIIe siècle~~]]		*[[Declarations of rights at the end of the 18th century]]
	*[[~~Vers l’édification d’une~~ conception ~~universelle des droits fondamentaux au XXe siècle~~]]		*[[Towards the construction of a universal conception of fundamental rights in the 20th century]]
	}}To search for the source of the law is to search for the point by which it came out of the depths of social life to appear on the surface of the law.		}}

			To search for the source of the law is to search for the point by which it came out of the depths of social life to appear on the surface of the law.

	The sources are divided into two categories:		The sources are divided into two categories:

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	== The general principles of law ==		== The general principles of law ==
	The general principles of law constitute a set of guiding principles that play a crucial role in the orientation and interpretation of the legal system, although they lack the precision and detail of the rules of positive law. The general principles of law serve as a guide in the application and development of the law. They provide a conceptual and ethical framework that underpins and informs positive law, i.e. formally adopted laws and regulations. These principles include, for example, concepts such as fairness, justice, good faith, equality before the law, respect for human rights, and proportionality. These principles are particularly important in situations where existing laws are vague, incomplete or absent. In such cases, judges and lawyers can refer to the general principles to interpret legislation or to fill legal gaps. These principles are also used to assess the validity and application of existing laws, ensuring that they are consistent with the fundamental values of the legal system. For example, in the field of international law, general principles of law play a fundamental role, as they help to fill gaps where international treaties or customary law are silent. Similarly, in constitutional law, general principles are often invoked to interpret constitutional provisions and to guide the application of fundamental rights and freedoms. General principles of law are essential to ensure that the application and development of the law are guided not only by technical rules, but also by ethical considerations and universally recognised values. They contribute to the coherence, legitimacy and fairness of the legal system as a whole.		The general principles of law constitute a set of guiding principles that play a crucial role in the orientation and interpretation of the legal system, although they lack the precision and detail of the rules of positive law. The general principles of law serve as a guide in the application and development of the law. They provide a conceptual and ethical framework that underpins and informs positive law, i.e. formally adopted laws and regulations. These principles include, for example, concepts such as fairness, justice, good faith, equality before the law, respect for human rights, and proportionality. These principles are particularly important in situations where existing laws are vague, incomplete or absent. In such cases, judges and lawyers can refer to the general principles to interpret legislation or to fill legal gaps. These principles are also used to assess the validity and application of existing laws, ensuring that they are consistent with the fundamental values of the legal system. For example, in the field of international law, general principles of law play a fundamental role, as they help to fill gaps where international treaties or customary law are silent. Similarly, in constitutional law, general principles are often invoked to interpret constitutional provisions and to guide the application of fundamental rights and freedoms. General principles of law are essential to ensure that the application and development of the law are guided not only by technical rules, but also by ethical considerations and universally recognised values. They contribute to the coherence, legitimacy and fairness of the legal system as a whole.


	Adages or brocades are legal proverbs, or maxims expressed in a concise sentence. These expressions, often formulated in a concise and memorable way, summarise fundamental legal principles or rules of law. They are used to synthesise complex legal concepts into succinct, easily understood sentences, and play a significant role in the teaching, practice and interpretation of law. Legal adages are often derived from Roman law and the European legal tradition, although many legal cultures have developed their own maxims. They have been used historically to transmit key legal principles from one generation to the next, particularly in times when the majority of legal practitioners and citizens did not have access to voluminous or complex legal texts.		Adages or brocades are legal proverbs, or maxims expressed in a concise sentence. These expressions, often formulated in a concise and memorable way, summarise fundamental legal principles or rules of law. They are used to synthesise complex legal concepts into succinct, easily understood sentences, and play a significant role in the teaching, practice and interpretation of law. Legal adages are often derived from Roman law and the European legal tradition, although many legal cultures have developed their own maxims. They have been used historically to transmit key legal principles from one generation to the next, particularly in times when the majority of legal practitioners and citizens did not have access to voluminous or complex legal texts.


	Adages are brief formulas, often in Latin, that summarise fundamental legal principles. These maxims offer a concise and memorable way of communicating complex legal concepts, and have played an important role in the transmission and teaching of law throughout history. Legal adages, with their roots in the Roman legal tradition, have become an integral part of the teaching and practice of law in many legal cultures. They serve not only to educate law students and professionals about essential principles, but also to guide the interpretation and application of the law in judicial practice. Because of their concise nature and historical origin, these maxims are often quoted in court decisions, legal debates and academic writings, continuing to influence the understanding and application of contemporary law.		Adages are brief formulas, often in Latin, that summarise fundamental legal principles. These maxims offer a concise and memorable way of communicating complex legal concepts, and have played an important role in the transmission and teaching of law throughout history. Legal adages, with their roots in the Roman legal tradition, have become an integral part of the teaching and practice of law in many legal cultures. They serve not only to educate law students and professionals about essential principles, but also to guide the interpretation and application of the law in judicial practice. Because of their concise nature and historical origin, these maxims are often quoted in court decisions, legal debates and academic writings, continuing to influence the understanding and application of contemporary law.


	The following adages are classic examples of legal maxims that play an essential role in the understanding and application of the law. Each of these Latin adages expresses a fundamental legal principle in a concise and memorable way:		The following adages are classic examples of legal maxims that play an essential role in the understanding and application of the law. Each of these Latin adages expresses a fundamental legal principle in a concise and memorable way:


	* Audiatur et altera pars: This principle means that both parties must be heard. It underlines the importance of fair justice and the right to a fair trial, where each party has the opportunity to present its case.		* Audiatur et altera pars: This principle means that both parties must be heard. It underlines the importance of fair justice and the right to a fair trial, where each party has the opportunity to present its case.
	* Iura novit curia: The court knows the law. This maxim indicates that the courts are expected to know the law and apply it correctly, even if the disputing parties do not know or fully understand it.		* Iura novit curia: The court knows the law. This maxim indicates that the courts are expected to know the law and apply it correctly, even if the disputing parties do not know or fully understand it.
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	* Lex specialis derogat generali: The special rule prevails over the general rule. This principle is applied when there is a conflict between a general rule and a specific rule, in which case the specific rule takes precedence.		* Lex specialis derogat generali: The special rule prevails over the general rule. This principle is applied when there is a conflict between a general rule and a specific rule, in which case the specific rule takes precedence.
	* Pacta sunt servanda : Agreements must be respected. This principle, which is fundamental to contract law, emphasises that the parties are obliged to respect the agreements they have made.		* Pacta sunt servanda : Agreements must be respected. This principle, which is fundamental to contract law, emphasises that the parties are obliged to respect the agreements they have made.


	These adages summarise complex legal concepts in an accessible way and are a testament to the wisdom and insight of the jurists and legislators who have shaped the law over the centuries. They continue to be relevant in contemporary legal practice, guiding the interpretation and application of the law.		These adages summarise complex legal concepts in an accessible way and are a testament to the wisdom and insight of the jurists and legislators who have shaped the law over the centuries. They continue to be relevant in contemporary legal practice, guiding the interpretation and application of the law.


	Brocades are a form of adage, but they tend to be presented in a more accessible and popular form. Whereas legal adages are often formulated in Latin and can sometimes be obscure to non-specialists, brocades are generally designed to be more easily understood by a wider audience. Brocades retain the concise and memorable character of adages, but their presentation and language tend to be less formal and closer to popular expression. They aim to make legal principles more accessible to the general public, without the use of complex legal terminology or Latin formulations. These expressions play an important role in democratising knowledge of the law, by making legal concepts more accessible and understandable to those who are not legal experts. Thus, while sharing the function of traditional adages of summarising legal principles, brocades do so in a way that is often more rooted in everyday language and culture.		Brocades are a form of adage, but they tend to be presented in a more accessible and popular form. Whereas legal adages are often formulated in Latin and can sometimes be obscure to non-specialists, brocades are generally designed to be more easily understood by a wider audience. Brocades retain the concise and memorable character of adages, but their presentation and language tend to be less formal and closer to popular expression. They aim to make legal principles more accessible to the general public, without the use of complex legal terminology or Latin formulations. These expressions play an important role in democratising knowledge of the law, by making legal concepts more accessible and understandable to those who are not legal experts. Thus, while sharing the function of traditional adages of summarising legal principles, brocades do so in a way that is often more rooted in everyday language and culture.


	The following brocades are examples that illustrate legal principles in a concise and memorable way:		The following brocades are examples that illustrate legal principles in a concise and memorable way:


	* This brocade highlights an important principle of contract law. It means that if performance of a contract becomes impossible for reasons beyond the control of the parties, the contract may be annulled or considered null and void. This principle is fundamental to ensuring fairness in contractual obligations, recognising that parties cannot be held liable for unforeseeable or uncontrollable events that make performance of the contract impossible.		* This brocade highlights an important principle of contract law. It means that if performance of a contract becomes impossible for reasons beyond the control of the parties, the contract may be annulled or considered null and void. This principle is fundamental to ensuring fairness in contractual obligations, recognising that parties cannot be held liable for unforeseeable or uncontrollable events that make performance of the contract impossible.
	* The dead seize the living: This brocade applies in the context of inheritance law. It expresses the idea that when a person dies, his heirs or legal successors are immediately vested with his estate. This means that the property, rights and obligations of the deceased are transferred to his or her heirs without interruption.		* The dead seize the living: This brocade applies in the context of inheritance law. It expresses the idea that when a person dies, his heirs or legal successors are immediately vested with his estate. This means that the property, rights and obligations of the deceased are transferred to his or her heirs without interruption.
	* Le Roy est mort, vive le Roy: This brocade, which comes from the monarchical tradition, illustrates the principle of the continuity of the crown. It indicates that on the death of the king, his successor immediately becomes king. This principle ensures a smooth transition without a power vacuum, underlining the continuity and stability of the monarchical system.		* Le Roy est mort, vive le Roy: This brocade, which comes from the monarchical tradition, illustrates the principle of the continuity of the crown. It indicates that on the death of the king, his successor immediately becomes king. This principle ensures a smooth transition without a power vacuum, underlining the continuity and stability of the monarchical system.


	These adages and brocades summarise legal concepts in an accessible way and are used to communicate fundamental legal principles to a wider audience, making the law easier to understand.		These adages and brocades summarise legal concepts in an accessible way and are used to communicate fundamental legal principles to a wider audience, making the law easier to understand.
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	*Université de Genève. “Introduction Aux Droits De L'Homme.” Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/learn/droits-de-lhomme.		*Université de Genève. “Introduction Aux Droits De L'Homme.” Coursera, https://www.coursera.org/learn/droits-de-lhomme.

	= ~~Références~~ =		= References =
	<references />		<references />

	[[Category:droit]]		[[Category:droit]]
	[[Category:Victor Monnier]]		[[Category:Victor Monnier]]

The sources of law - Historique des versions

Arthur : /* The general principles of law */

Arthur : /* The general principles of law */

Arthur : /* The doctrine */

Arthur : /* The law */

Arthur : /* The custom */

Arthur le 12 décembre 2023 à 06:31

Arthur le 12 décembre 2023 à 06:30

Arthur le 6 avril 2021 à 06:47

Arthur : /* Annexes */

Arthur le 24 juin 2019 à 21:42

Arthur : /* The general principles of law */

Arthur : /* The general principles of law */

Arthur : /* The doctrine */

Arthur : /* The law */

Arthur : /* The custom */

Arthur : /* Annexes */