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	<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East</id>
	<title>The concept of the Middle East - Historique des versions</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-27T14:26:36Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Historique des versions pour cette page sur le wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64205&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 20 décembre 2023 à 14:18</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64205&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T14:18:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 20 décembre 2023 à 16:18&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l17&quot;&gt;Ligne 17 :&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|style=text-align:center;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|style=text-align:center;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Middle East, a multifaceted region, stretches from Egypt to Iran, encompassing countries such as Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and others. Geographically, this region acts as a bridge between Europe, Asia and Africa, with a strategic position that has shaped its history and politics. It is the cradle of ancient civilisations and three major monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, profoundly influencing its culture and traditions. Historically, the Middle East has been the centre of powerful empires, such as the Ottoman Empire, which reigned until its fall after the First World War, and the Persian Empire, renowned for its cultural and scientific wealth. The region has been the birthplace of influential figures such as Saladin in the 12th century, the emblematic figure of resistance against the Crusaders, and more recently Gamal Abdel Nasser, the leader of Egypt and the central figure of Arab nationalism in the 20th century.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Middle East, a multifaceted region, stretches from Egypt to Iran, encompassing countries such as Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia and others. Geographically, this region acts as a bridge between Europe, Asia and Africa, with a strategic position that has shaped its history and politics. It is the cradle of ancient civilisations and three major monotheistic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam, profoundly influencing its culture and traditions. Historically, the Middle East has been the centre of powerful empires, such as the Ottoman Empire, which reigned until its fall after the First World War, and the Persian Empire, renowned for its cultural and scientific wealth. The region has been the birthplace of influential figures such as Saladin in the 12th century, the emblematic figure of resistance against the Crusaders, and more recently Gamal Abdel Nasser, the leader of Egypt and the central figure of Arab nationalism in the 20th century.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64196&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 20 décembre 2023 à 14:15</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64196&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T14:15:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 20 décembre 2023 à 16:15&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Ligne 8 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 8 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| de = Das Konzept des Nahen Ostens&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| de = Das Konzept des Nahen Ostens&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ja = 中東の概念&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ja = 中東の概念&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ch = &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;中东地区的政治和宗教潮流&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ch = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;中东的概念&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64195&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 20 décembre 2023 à 14:14</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64195&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T14:14:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 20 décembre 2023 à 16:14&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot;&gt;Ligne 8 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 8 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| de = Das Konzept des Nahen Ostens&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| de = Das Konzept des Nahen Ostens&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ja = 中東の概念&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ja = 中東の概念&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ch = &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;当代中东：国家、民族和社区&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ch = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;中东地区的政治和宗教潮流&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64182&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 20 décembre 2023 à 13:56</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64182&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T13:56:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 20 décembre 2023 à 15:56&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Ligne 7 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 7 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| pt = O conceito de Médio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| pt = O conceito de Médio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| de = Das Konzept des Nahen Ostens&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| de = Das Konzept des Nahen Ostens&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ja = &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;現代の中東：国家・国家・地域社会&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ja = &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;中東の概念&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ch = 当代中东：国家、民族和社区&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| ch = 当代中东：国家、民族和社区&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64152&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 20 décembre 2023 à 12:35</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64152&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T12:35:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 20 décembre 2023 à 14:35&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;Ligne 3 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 3 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Translations&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Translations&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| fr = Le concept de Moyen-Orient&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| fr = Le concept de Moyen-Orient&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| es = El concepto de Oriente &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Próximo&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| es = El concepto de Oriente &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Medio&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| it = Il concetto di Medio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| it = Il concetto di Medio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| pt = O conceito de Médio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| pt = O conceito de Médio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64148&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 20 décembre 2023 à 12:33</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64148&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T12:33:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 20 décembre 2023 à 14:33&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;Ligne 3 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 3 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Translations&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Translations&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| fr = Le concept de Moyen-Orient&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| fr = Le concept de Moyen-Orient&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| es = El concepto de Oriente &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Medio&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| es = El concepto de Oriente &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Próximo&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| it = Il concetto di Medio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| it = Il concetto di Medio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| pt = O conceito de Médio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| pt = O conceito de Médio Oriente&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64137&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* The Fertile Crescent: the cradle of agriculture and civilisation */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64137&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T10:21:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;The Fertile Crescent: the cradle of agriculture and civilisation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;amp;diff=64137&amp;amp;oldid=64136&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64136&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* The Maghreb: a crossroads of civilisations and terrains */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64136&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T10:20:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;The Maghreb: a crossroads of civilisations and terrains&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;amp;diff=64136&amp;amp;oldid=64135&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64135&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Les trois espaces stratégiques du monde musulman */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64135&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T10:20:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Les trois espaces stratégiques du monde musulman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 20 décembre 2023 à 12:20&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l82&quot;&gt;Ligne 82 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 82 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;At the same time, traditional and historical names for different sub-regions and geographical areas have not disappeared and continue to be used. Terms such as &amp;quot;Maghreb&amp;quot; (North-West Africa), &amp;quot;Mashreq&amp;quot; (Arab Near East), &amp;quot;Anatolia&amp;quot; (Asian part of Turkey), &amp;quot;Mesopotamia&amp;quot; (historically used for Iraq until 1921), and &amp;quot;Fertile Crescent&amp;quot; (region encompassing the Levant and parts of Mesopotamia) have a specific historical and cultural richness. These terms reflect not only a particular geography, but also distinct histories, cultures and identities. The persistence of these names underlines the diversity and complexity of the Middle East as a region. It highlights the difficulty of capturing the multitude of its characteristics under a single label. It also reflects a crucial aspect of geopolitical and cultural study: the need to recognise and respect local and historical specificities while addressing regional and international issues.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;At the same time, traditional and historical names for different sub-regions and geographical areas have not disappeared and continue to be used. Terms such as &amp;quot;Maghreb&amp;quot; (North-West Africa), &amp;quot;Mashreq&amp;quot; (Arab Near East), &amp;quot;Anatolia&amp;quot; (Asian part of Turkey), &amp;quot;Mesopotamia&amp;quot; (historically used for Iraq until 1921), and &amp;quot;Fertile Crescent&amp;quot; (region encompassing the Levant and parts of Mesopotamia) have a specific historical and cultural richness. These terms reflect not only a particular geography, but also distinct histories, cultures and identities. The persistence of these names underlines the diversity and complexity of the Middle East as a region. It highlights the difficulty of capturing the multitude of its characteristics under a single label. It also reflects a crucial aspect of geopolitical and cultural study: the need to recognise and respect local and historical specificities while addressing regional and international issues.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les trois espaces stratégiques du monde musulman &lt;/del&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The three strategic areas of the Muslim world &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Les trois espaces stratégiques du monde musulman.jpg|350px|vignette|centre|Les trois espaces stratégiques du monde musulman.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Les trois espaces stratégiques du monde musulman.jpg|350px|vignette|centre|Les trois espaces stratégiques du monde musulman.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cette carte représente une &lt;/del&gt;vision &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stratégique du monde musulman&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;divisée en trois régions distinctes qui soulignent la diversité et les complexités politiques&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;économiques et culturelles au sein de l'islam&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La première région&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le cœur traditionnel du Moyen-Orient&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;s'étend de l'Égypte aux pays du Golfe et jusqu'à l'&lt;/del&gt;Iran &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et le Yémen&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cette zone est chargée d'histoire&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ayant été le berceau de la &lt;/del&gt;civilisation &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et le théâtre de conflits majeurs tels que les guerres arabes&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;israéliennes&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la révolution iranienne de &lt;/del&gt;1979 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et les guerres du Golfe&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces territoires sont au cœur des préoccupations géopolitiques mondiales&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;notamment en raison de leurs vastes réserves d'hydrocarbures qui attirent l'&lt;/del&gt;attention &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des puissances mondiales depuis des décennies&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La deuxième région&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le &lt;/del&gt;Maghreb, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui comprend le Maroc&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l'Algérie&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la Tunisie et la Libye&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;présente une mosaïque d'identités influencée par les héritages berbère&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;arabe et européen&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les événements tels que la guerre d'Algérie pour l'indépendance et le printemps arabe&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui a commencé en Tunisie en &lt;/del&gt;2010, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;témoignent de la quête continue d'autonomie et de démocratie&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La proximité du &lt;/del&gt;Maghreb &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;avec l&lt;/del&gt;'Europe &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;en fait également une région cruciale pour les questions migratoires et de sécurité&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La troisième région&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui regroupe l'Asie centrale et le Caucase&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est souvent négligée dans les &lt;/del&gt;discussions &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sur le Moyen&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Orient mais est essentielle pour comprendre les &lt;/del&gt;relations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;transrégionales&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Avec la chute de l'&lt;/del&gt;Union &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Soviétique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des États comme le &lt;/del&gt;Kazakhstan &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et l'Ouzbékistan ont gagné en &lt;/del&gt;importance &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stratégique en raison de leurs ressources naturelles et de leur &lt;/del&gt;position &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dans les &amp;quot;nouveaux jeux géopolitiques&amp;quot; impliquant la Russie&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la Chine et les États-Unis&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La guerre en &lt;/del&gt;Afghanistan, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui a vu l'&lt;/del&gt;intervention &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de puissances étrangères de la période soviétique à l'ère &lt;/del&gt;post-11 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;septembre&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;illustre la complexité et l'instabilité qui peuvent émaner de cette région&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This map represents a strategic &lt;/ins&gt;vision &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the Muslim world&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;divided into three distinct regions that highlight the political&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;economic and cultural diversity and complexities within Islam&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The first region&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the traditional heartland of the Middle East&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stretches from Egypt to the Gulf states and on to &lt;/ins&gt;Iran &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and Yemen&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This area is steeped in history&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;having been the cradle of &lt;/ins&gt;civilisation &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and the scene of major conflicts such as the Arab&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Israeli wars&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the Iranian revolution of &lt;/ins&gt;1979 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and the Gulf wars&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;These territories are at the heart of the world's geopolitical concerns, notably because of their vast hydrocarbon reserves&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which have attracted the &lt;/ins&gt;attention &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of world powers for decades&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The second region&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the &lt;/ins&gt;Maghreb, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which includes Morocco&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Algeria&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tunisia and Libya&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;presents a mosaic of identities influenced by the Berber&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Arab and European heritages&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Events such as the Algerian war for independence and the Arab Spring&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which began in Tunisia in &lt;/ins&gt;2010, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bear witness to the ongoing quest for autonomy and democracy&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;Maghreb'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;s proximity to &lt;/ins&gt;Europe &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;also makes it a crucial region for migration and security issues&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The third region&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Central Asia and the Caucasus&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is often overlooked in &lt;/ins&gt;discussions &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the Middle East but is essential to understanding trans&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;regional &lt;/ins&gt;relations. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;With the collapse of the Soviet &lt;/ins&gt;Union, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;states such as &lt;/ins&gt;Kazakhstan &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and Uzbekistan gained in strategic &lt;/ins&gt;importance &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;due to their natural resources and their &lt;/ins&gt;position &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in the 'new geopolitical games' involving Russia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;China and the United States&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The war in &lt;/ins&gt;Afghanistan, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which saw the &lt;/ins&gt;intervention &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of foreign powers from the Soviet period to the &lt;/ins&gt;post-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;9/&lt;/ins&gt;11 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;era&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;illustrates the complexity and instability that can emanate from this region&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Chacune de ces régions&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bien que partageant la foi musulmane&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a ses propres trajectoires historiques et défis contemporains&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;De l'empire ottoman aux révolutions arabes modernes&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;en passant par la guerre froide et les conflits contemporains&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les histoires de ces régions sont entrelacées avec les grands mouvements de l'histoire mondiale&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les frontières et les identités de ces régions ont été façonnées par une combinaison de facteurs internes et d'&lt;/del&gt;interventions &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;étrangères&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;reflétant les dynamiques de pouvoir et les enjeux qui vont bien au-delà de leurs géographies immédiates&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En &lt;/del&gt;science &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;politique et en histoire&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une telle carte rappelle l'&lt;/del&gt;importance &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de l'approche régionale tout en reconnaissant les interconnexions qui définissent les &lt;/del&gt;relations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;internationales contemporaines&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Each of these regions&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;although sharing the Muslim faith&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;has its own historical trajectory and contemporary challenges&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;From the Ottoman Empire to the modern Arab revolutions&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;via the Cold War and contemporary conflicts&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the histories of these regions are intertwined with the great movements of world history&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The borders and identities of these regions have been shaped by a combination of internal factors and foreign &lt;/ins&gt;interventions, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;reflecting power dynamics and issues that go far beyond their immediate geographies&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;For political &lt;/ins&gt;science &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and history&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;such a map is a reminder of the &lt;/ins&gt;importance &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of the regional approach, while recognising the interconnections that define contemporary international &lt;/ins&gt;relations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La gouvernance dans les régions indiquées sur la carte est marquée par une complexité substantielle&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;résultant de la diversité ethnique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;culturelle et politique&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le &lt;/del&gt;Xinjiang, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;par exemple&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est une région autonome du nord&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ouest de la Chine&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;habitée principalement par les Ouïghours&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;un groupe ethnique musulman turcophone&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cette région est devenue un &lt;/del&gt;point &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;focal des débats internationaux sur les droits humains en raison des politiques chinoises&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui sont perçues comme des tentatives d'assimilation forcée et de répression des identités culturelles et religieuses distinctes&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le &lt;/del&gt;Xinjiang &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;illustre comment la gouvernance dans des régions géopolitiquement sensibles peut impliquer des stratégies étatiques complexes qui interagissent avec des questions de sécurité nationale&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de développement économique et de droits des minorités&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La Chine justifie ses &lt;/del&gt;actions &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dans le &lt;/del&gt;Xinjiang &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;par la nécessité de lutter contre l'extrémisme et le séparatisme&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tandis que les critiques internationales y voient une &lt;/del&gt;violation &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des droits des minorités et de la liberté religieuse&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Governance in the regions shown on the map is marked by substantial complexity&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;resulting from ethnic&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cultural and political diversity&lt;/ins&gt;. Xinjiang, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;for example&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;is an autonomous region in north&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;west China&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;inhabited mainly by the Uyghurs&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a Turkic-speaking Muslim ethnic group&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The region has become a focal &lt;/ins&gt;point &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of international human rights debate because of Chinese policies&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;which are seen as attempts to forcibly assimilate and repress distinct cultural and religious identities&lt;/ins&gt;. Xinjiang &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;illustrates how governance in geopolitically sensitive regions can involve complex state strategies that interact with issues of national security&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;economic development and minority rights&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;China justifies its &lt;/ins&gt;actions &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in &lt;/ins&gt;Xinjiang &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;by the need to combat extremism and separatism&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;while international critics see it as a &lt;/ins&gt;violation &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of minority rights and religious freedom&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Au-delà du &lt;/del&gt;Xinjiang, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la carte indique également que les dynamiques de gouvernance dans le &amp;quot;Grand Moyen-Orient&amp;quot; sont influencées par une variété de facteurs&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;notamment les &lt;/del&gt;tensions &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sectaires&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les conflits interétatiques&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les interventions étrangères et les mouvements de contestation populaire&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La région est un complexe échiquier de pouvoirs locaux&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;régionaux et internationaux&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;où les États&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nations&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les &lt;/del&gt;organisations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;non gouvernementales&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les groupes rebelles et les puissances étrangères s'affrontent et coopèrent dans diverses &lt;/del&gt;configurations. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cette complexité est particulièrement visible dans des pays comme la Syrie et l'Irak&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;où les interventions étrangères&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les conflits sectaires et le terrorisme ont conduit à des &lt;/del&gt;crises &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;humanitaires et à des défis de &lt;/del&gt;reconstruction &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nationale&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En Afrique du Nord&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des pays comme la Libye montrent comment l'&lt;/del&gt;absence &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de gouvernance &lt;/del&gt;stable &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;peut entraîner une &lt;/del&gt;fragmentation &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;politique et des guerres civiles&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En même temps&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des États comme l'&lt;/del&gt;Iran &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et la Turquie jouent des rôles régionaux influents&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;à la fois en tant que puissances économiques et militaires et en tant qu'acteurs culturels et politiques&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ainsi&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la carte sert de rappel que les stratégies de gouvernance dans le Grand Moyen-Orient ne peuvent pas être comprises sans tenir compte de la richesse et de la complexité des identités régionales&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des &lt;/del&gt;alliances &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stratégiques&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des enjeux économiques et des &lt;/del&gt;aspirations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;politiques&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces éléments façonnent les politiques intérieures et les &lt;/del&gt;relations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;internationales de manière dynamique et souvent imprévisible&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Beyond &lt;/ins&gt;Xinjiang, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the map also shows that the dynamics of governance in the 'Greater Middle East' are influenced by a variety of factors&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;including sectarian &lt;/ins&gt;tensions, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;inter-state conflicts&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;foreign intervention and popular protest movements&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The region is a complex chessboard of local&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;regional and international powers&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;where nation&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;states&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;non-governmental &lt;/ins&gt;organisations, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rebel groups and foreign powers clash and cooperate in a variety of &lt;/ins&gt;configurations. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This complexity is particularly apparent in countries such as Syria and Iraq&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;where foreign intervention&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sectarian conflict and terrorism have led to humanitarian &lt;/ins&gt;crises &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and national &lt;/ins&gt;reconstruction &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;challenges&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In North Africa&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;countries such as Libya show how the &lt;/ins&gt;absence &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of &lt;/ins&gt;stable &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;governance can lead to political &lt;/ins&gt;fragmentation &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and civil wars&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;At the same time&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;states such as &lt;/ins&gt;Iran &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and Turkey are playing influential regional roles&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;both as economic and military powers and as cultural and political players&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In this way&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;the map serves as a reminder that governance strategies in the Greater Middle East cannot be understood without taking into account the richness and complexity of regional identities&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;strategic &lt;/ins&gt;alliances, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;economic stakes and political &lt;/ins&gt;aspirations. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;These elements shape domestic politics and international &lt;/ins&gt;relations &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in dynamic and often unpredictable ways&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Caractéristiques géographiques déterminantes du Moyen-Orient &lt;/del&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Key geographical features of the Middle East &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Middle East - main geographical features.png|350px|vignette|centre|Moyen-Orient - principales caractéristiques géographiques.]]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cette carte met en évidence les principales caractéristiques géographiques du Moyen-Orient et des régions environnantes&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une zone qui &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;historiquement été un carrefour de &lt;/del&gt;civilisations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et qui continue d'être un &lt;/del&gt;centre &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d'intérêt géopolitique stratégique&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Middle East - main geographical features.png|350px|vignette|centre|Moyen-Orient - principales caractéristiques géographiques.]]&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;This map highlights the main geographical features of the Middle East and surrounding regions&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;an area that has historically been &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;crossroads of &lt;/ins&gt;civilisations &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and continues to be a &lt;/ins&gt;centre &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;of strategic geopolitical interest&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le &lt;/del&gt;Maghreb : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Carrefour de &lt;/del&gt;civilisations &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et de &lt;/del&gt;terrains ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The &lt;/ins&gt;Maghreb: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a crossroads of &lt;/ins&gt;civilisations &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;and &lt;/ins&gt;terrains ===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La région du Maghreb, située dans le nord-ouest de l'Afrique, constitue un espace unique à l'intersection de plusieurs mondes. Elle est définie par des caractéristiques géographiques remarquables, dont les chaînes de montagnes de l'Atlas qui s'étendent à travers plusieurs de ses pays, notamment le Maroc, l'Algérie et la Tunisie. Ces montagnes ne sont pas seulement un élément marquant du paysage naturel, mais elles ont également façonné les modes de vie et les itinéraires commerciaux dans la région. Le Sahara, bordant le Maghreb au sud, est le plus grand désert chaud du monde et sert à la fois de barrière et de pont entre l'Afrique subsaharienne et les rivages méditerranéens du Maghreb. Cette immensité aride a été traversée depuis des millénaires par des caravanes commerciales transportant des biens tels que le sel, l'or et les tissus, reliant ainsi le Maghreb à l'Afrique subsaharienne et au-delà. Historiquement, le Maghreb a été un espace d'échanges culturels et commerciaux intenses. Les Phéniciens, les Romains, les Byzantins et plus tard les Arabes et les Européens ont laissé leur empreinte sur la région, ce qui a abouti à un riche héritage culturel et architectural. L'influence arabe est particulièrement notable à partir du VIIe siècle avec l'introduction de l'islam, qui a profondément influencé la culture, la langue et l'identité de la région.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La région du Maghreb, située dans le nord-ouest de l'Afrique, constitue un espace unique à l'intersection de plusieurs mondes. Elle est définie par des caractéristiques géographiques remarquables, dont les chaînes de montagnes de l'Atlas qui s'étendent à travers plusieurs de ses pays, notamment le Maroc, l'Algérie et la Tunisie. Ces montagnes ne sont pas seulement un élément marquant du paysage naturel, mais elles ont également façonné les modes de vie et les itinéraires commerciaux dans la région. Le Sahara, bordant le Maghreb au sud, est le plus grand désert chaud du monde et sert à la fois de barrière et de pont entre l'Afrique subsaharienne et les rivages méditerranéens du Maghreb. Cette immensité aride a été traversée depuis des millénaires par des caravanes commerciales transportant des biens tels que le sel, l'or et les tissus, reliant ainsi le Maghreb à l'Afrique subsaharienne et au-delà. Historiquement, le Maghreb a été un espace d'échanges culturels et commerciaux intenses. Les Phéniciens, les Romains, les Byzantins et plus tard les Arabes et les Européens ont laissé leur empreinte sur la région, ce qui a abouti à un riche héritage culturel et architectural. L'influence arabe est particulièrement notable à partir du VIIe siècle avec l'introduction de l'islam, qui a profondément influencé la culture, la langue et l'identité de la région.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64134&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* La conceptualisation du &quot;Moyen-Orient&quot; en tant que région distincte */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;diff=64134&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-12-20T10:19:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;La conceptualisation du &amp;quot;Moyen-Orient&amp;quot; en tant que région distincte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=The_concept_of_the_Middle_East&amp;amp;diff=64134&amp;amp;oldid=64133&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
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