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	<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica</id>
	<title>Teorie della guerra nella scienza politica - Historique des versions</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-10T00:12:11Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Historique des versions pour cette page sur le wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.38.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=61339&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Aymon de Gingins-La-Sarraz (1780 - 1840): pioniere della guerra partigiana */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=61339&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-11-12T10:24:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Aymon de Gingins-La-Sarraz (1780 - 1840): pioniere della guerra partigiana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 12 novembre 2023 à 12:24&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l307&quot;&gt;Ligne 307 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 307 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;I partigiani utilizzano generalmente tattiche di guerra asimmetriche, tra cui guerriglia, sabotaggio, spionaggio e altre forme di guerra non convenzionale. Poiché non fanno parte di un esercito regolare, non sono generalmente protetti dalle stesse convenzioni e leggi che regolano il comportamento dei soldati in tempo di guerra, il che può talvolta portare a controversie sui loro diritti e sulle protezioni previste dal diritto internazionale umanitario.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;I partigiani utilizzano generalmente tattiche di guerra asimmetriche, tra cui guerriglia, sabotaggio, spionaggio e altre forme di guerra non convenzionale. Poiché non fanno parte di un esercito regolare, non sono generalmente protetti dalle stesse convenzioni e leggi che regolano il comportamento dei soldati in tempo di guerra, il che può talvolta portare a controversie sui loro diritti e sulle protezioni previste dal diritto internazionale umanitario.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Aymon de Gingins-La-Sarraz (&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1780 &lt;/del&gt;- &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1840&lt;/del&gt;): pioniere della guerra partigiana===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Aymon de Gingins-La-Sarraz (&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1823 &lt;/ins&gt;- &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1893&lt;/ins&gt;): pioniere della guerra partigiana===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Charles-Jules Guiguer de Prangins, meglio conosciuto con lo pseudonimo di Gingins-La Sarraz, è stato un ufficiale svizzero che ha dato un contributo fondamentale allo sviluppo della strategia difensiva della Svizzera nel XIX secolo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Charles-Jules Guiguer de Prangins, meglio conosciuto con lo pseudonimo di Gingins-La Sarraz, è stato un ufficiale svizzero che ha dato un contributo fondamentale allo sviluppo della strategia difensiva della Svizzera nel XIX secolo.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=58974&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 7 juillet 2023 à 10:09</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=58974&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-07-07T10:09:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 juillet 2023 à 12:09&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Ligne 11 :&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{hidden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{hidden&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|[[Introduzione alle scienze politiche]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|[[Introduzione alle scienze politiche]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La pensée &lt;/del&gt;sociale &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d'&lt;/del&gt;Émile Durkheim &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et &lt;/del&gt;Pierre Bourdieu]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Aux origines de la chute de la République de &lt;/del&gt;Weimar]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La pensée &lt;/del&gt;sociale &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de &lt;/del&gt;Max Weber &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et &lt;/del&gt;Vilfredo Pareto]] ● [[La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;notion de « concept » en sciences-sociales&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Histoire de la discipline de la science politique &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;théories et conceptions&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Marxisme et Structuralisme&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Fonctionnalisme et Systémisme&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Interactionnisme et Constructivisme&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les théories de l’anthropologie politique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le débat des trois &lt;/del&gt;I : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;intérêts&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;institutions et idées&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La théorie du choix rationnel et l'analyse des intérêts en science politique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Approche analytique des institutions en science politique&lt;/del&gt;]] &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'étude des idées et idéologies dans la science politique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les théories de la guerre en science politique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La Guerre &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conceptions et évolutions&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La raison d’État&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;État&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;souveraineté&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mondialisation&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gouvernance multiniveaux&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les théories de la violence en science politique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[Welfare &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;State et biopouvoir&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analyse des régimes démocratiques et des processus de démocratisation&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Systèmes Électoraux &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Mécanismes&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Enjeux et Conséquences&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le système de gouvernement des démocraties&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Morphologie des contestations&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’action dans la théorie politique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Introduction à la politique suisse&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Introduction au comportement politique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analyse des Politiques Publiques &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;définition et cycle d'une politique publique&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analyse des Politiques Publiques &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mise à l&lt;/del&gt;'agenda &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et formulation&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analyse des Politiques Publiques &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mise en œuvre et évaluation&lt;/del&gt;]] ● [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Introduction à la sous-discipline des relations internationales&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il pensiero &lt;/ins&gt;sociale &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;di &lt;/ins&gt;Émile Durkheim &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e &lt;/ins&gt;Pierre Bourdieu]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le origini della caduta della Repubblica di &lt;/ins&gt;Weimar]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il pensiero &lt;/ins&gt;sociale &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;di &lt;/ins&gt;Max Weber &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e &lt;/ins&gt;Vilfredo Pareto]] ● [[La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nozione di &amp;quot;concetto&amp;quot; nelle scienze sociali&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Storia della disciplina della scienza politica&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;teorie e concezioni&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Marxismo e strutturalismo&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Funzionalismo e Sistemismo&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Interazionismo e Costruttivismo&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Teorie dell'antropologia politica&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il dibattito sulle tre &lt;/ins&gt;I: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;interessi&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;istituzioni e idee&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Teoria della scelta razionale e analisi degli interessi nella scienza politica&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Approccio analitico alle istituzioni nella scienza politica&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Lo studio delle idee e delle ideologie nella scienza politica&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Teorie della guerra nella scienza politica&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guerra&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concezioni e sviluppi&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ragion di Stato&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Stato&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sovranità&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;globalizzazione&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;governance multilivello&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Teorie della violenza nella scienza politica&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[Welfare &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;state e biopotere&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analisi dei regimi democratici e dei processi di democratizzazione&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sistemi elettorali&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;meccanismi&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;problemi e conseguenze&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il sistema di governo delle democrazie&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Morfologia delle contestazioni&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'azione nella teoria politica&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Introduzione alla politica svizzera&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Introduzione al comportamento politico&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analisi delle politiche pubbliche&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;definizione e ciclo delle politiche pubbliche&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analisi delle politiche pubbliche&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;definizione e formulazione dell&lt;/ins&gt;'agenda]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Analisi delle politiche pubbliche&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;attuazione e valutazione]] ● [[Introduzione alla sottodisciplina delle relazioni internazionali&lt;/ins&gt;]] ● [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Introduzione alla teoria politica&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|headerstyle=background:#ffffff&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|headerstyle=background:#ffffff&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|style=text-align:center;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|style=text-align:center;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57275&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Les guerres des partisans : une nouvelle réalité */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57275&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:37:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Les guerres des partisans : une nouvelle réalité&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;amp;diff=57275&amp;amp;oldid=57274&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57274&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Diritto internazionale umanitario o diritto di Ginevra */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57274&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:32:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Diritto internazionale umanitario o diritto di Ginevra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 22 juin 2023 à 16:32&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l261&quot;&gt;Ligne 261 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 261 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Diritto internazionale umanitario o diritto di Ginevra===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Diritto internazionale umanitario o diritto di Ginevra===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Article détaillé|L’individu en tant que sujet du droit international}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le droit international humanitaire &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;DIH&lt;/del&gt;), &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;souvent appelé droit de Genève&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;vise principalement à protéger les personnes qui ne participent pas ou ne participent plus aux hostilités&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y compris les civils&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les blessés&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les malades et les prisonniers de guerre&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ce droit vise également à restreindre &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;usage de certaines méthodes et moyens de guerre&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il est principalement issu des Conventions de Genève de &lt;/del&gt;1949 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et leurs Protocoles additionnels&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui ont posé les règles pour &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;protection des &lt;/del&gt;non&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-combattants en temps de guerre&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Par exemple&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les Conventions de Genève établissent les règles pour &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;traitement des prisonniers de guerre&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;interdisent &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;usage de torture, et protègent les civils en cas d'occupation militaire&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge &lt;/del&gt;(CICR) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;joue &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rôle essentiel dans la promotion et l&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;application du DIH&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C'est en partie grâce à l'initiative de cette organisation que le DIH existe aujourd&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;hui&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il diritto internazionale umanitario &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;DIU&lt;/ins&gt;), &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;spesso indicato come diritto di Ginevra, mira principalmente a proteggere le persone che non partecipano, o non partecipano più&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;alle ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;compresi i civili&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i feriti&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i malati e i prigionieri di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Inoltre, mira a limitare &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;uso di alcuni metodi e mezzi di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Deriva principalmente dalle Convenzioni di Ginevra del &lt;/ins&gt;1949 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e dai loro Protocolli aggiuntivi&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che stabiliscono le regole per &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;protezione dei &lt;/ins&gt;non &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;combattenti in tempo di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ad esempio&lt;/ins&gt;, le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Convenzioni di Ginevra stabiliscono le regole per il trattamento dei prigionieri di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;vietano &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;uso della tortura e proteggono i civili in caso di occupazione militare&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il Comitato Internazionale della Croce Rossa &lt;/ins&gt;(CICR) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;svolge &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ruolo essenziale nella promozione e nell&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;applicazione del diritto internazionale umanitario&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;È in parte grazie all&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;iniziativa di questa organizzazione che il DIU esiste oggi&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les distinctions entre civils et combattants, ainsi qu'entre combattants et prisonniers de guerre, sont des éléments clés du droit international humanitaire&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces distinctions sont essentielles pour protéger les personnes qui ne participent pas &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ou plus&lt;/del&gt;) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;directement aux hostilités&lt;/del&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le distinzioni tra civili e combattenti e tra combattenti e prigionieri di guerra sono elementi chiave del diritto internazionale umanitario&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Queste distinzioni sono essenziali per proteggere le persone che non prendono &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;o non prendono più&lt;/ins&gt;) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;parte direttamente alle ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les combattants sont les membres des forces armées d'une partie à un conflit qui participent directement aux hostilités&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les combattants ont le droit de participer directement aux hostilités&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ce qui signifie qu'ils ne peuvent être poursuivis pour avoir participé aux combats&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cependant&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ils sont également des cibles légitimes pour &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;autre partie&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I combattenti sono membri delle forze armate di una parte in conflitto che prendono parte direttamente alle ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I combattenti hanno il diritto di prendere parte direttamente alle ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il che significa che non possono essere perseguiti per aver preso parte ai combattimenti&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tuttavia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sono anche bersagli legittimi per &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;altra parte&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les civils sont les personnes qui ne participent pas directement aux hostilités&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ils sont protégés contre les attaques, à moins et jusqu'à ce qu'ils participent directement aux hostilités&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I civili sono persone che non prendono parte direttamente alle ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sono protetti dagli attacchi a meno che non prendano parte direttamente alle ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les prisonniers de guerre sont des combattants qui ont été capturés par l'ennemi&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ils ont droit à un certain nombre de protections en vertu de la troisième Convention de Genève&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y compris le droit de ne pas être torturés, le droit de correspondre avec leur famille&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;droit de ne pas être poursuivis pour avoir participé légitimement aux hostilités&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I prigionieri di guerra sono combattenti catturati dal nemico&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Hanno diritto a una serie di tutele ai sensi della Terza Convenzione di Ginevra&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tra cui il diritto a non essere torturati&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il diritto a corrispondere con &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;proprie famiglie e il diritto a non essere perseguiti per aver preso parte legittimamente alle ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le respect de ces distinctions est essentiel pour réduire les souffrances inutiles en temps de guerre&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Rispettare queste distinzioni è essenziale per ridurre le sofferenze inutili in tempo di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En théorie&lt;/del&gt;, la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sortie de guerre est souvent déterminée par &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;traité de paix ou &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;accord de cessez-&lt;/del&gt;le&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-feu, mais il n'y a pas de cadre juridique international précis qui régit comment &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflit devrait se terminer&lt;/del&gt;. La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;notion de &lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;jus post bellum&amp;quot;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ou droit après &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concept émergent en droit international qui cherche à établir des principes éthiques et juridiques pour la transition de la guerre à &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;paix&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il comprend des questions telles que &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;responsabilité de reconstruire après un conflit&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le jugement et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;punition des crimes de guerre, et le rétablissement des droits de l'homme et de l'État de droit&lt;/del&gt;. L'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;idée est d'assurer une transition juste et durable vers &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;paix&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tout en tenant compte des droits des victimes et des besoins des sociétés &lt;/del&gt;post-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflit&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cependant&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;en &lt;/del&gt;2023, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il n&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y a pas encore de consensus international sur ce que devrait être le &lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;jus post bellum&amp;quot;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, et il reste &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;domaine actif de recherche et de débat&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In teoria&lt;/ins&gt;, la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fine di una guerra è spesso determinata da &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trattato di pace o da &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;accordo di cessate il fuoco, ma non esiste un quadro giuridico internazionale preciso che disciplini &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;modalità di conclusione di &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflitto&lt;/ins&gt;. La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nozione di &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;jus post bellum&amp;quot;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;o diritto dopo &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerra&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concetto emergente nel diritto internazionale che cerca di stabilire principi etici e legali per &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;transizione dalla guerra alla pace&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Include questioni come &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;responsabilità di ricostruire dopo il conflitto&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il perseguimento e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;punizione dei crimini di guerra e il ripristino dei diritti umani e dello Stato di diritto&lt;/ins&gt;. L'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;idea è quella di garantire una transizione giusta e sostenibile verso &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pace&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tenendo conto dei diritti delle vittime e delle esigenze delle società &lt;/ins&gt;post-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;belliche&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tuttavia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel &lt;/ins&gt;2023, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;non c&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è ancora un consenso internazionale su cosa debba essere lo &lt;/ins&gt;&amp;quot;jus post bellum&amp;quot; &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e rimane &lt;/ins&gt;un&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'area attiva di ricerca e dibattito&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il y a deux concepts fondamentaux qui sous-tendent l&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ensemble de la gouvernance de la sécurité internationale et du droit international&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ci sono due concetti fondamentali che stanno alla base dell&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;intera governance della sicurezza internazionale e del diritto internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;L'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;universalité suggère que certaines normes et principes sont applicables à tous&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;indépendamment de la culture&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de la religion&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de l&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ethnie&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de la nationalité&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;etc&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela est particulièrement pertinent pour les droits de l'homme&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui sont considérés comme universels et inaliénables&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;L'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;universalità suggerisce che certe norme e principi sono applicabili a tutti&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;indipendentemente dalla cultura&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dalla religione&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dall&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;etnia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dalla nazionalità&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ecc&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo è particolarmente rilevante per i diritti umani&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che sono considerati universali e inalienabili&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;L'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;idée d'humanité signifie que tous les êtres humains appartiennent à une communauté &lt;/del&gt;globale &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et partagent une certaine dignité et des droits fondamentaux&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela signifie également que certains actes sont si graves et inhumains qu'ils constituent une attaque contre la communauté humaine dans son ensemble&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces actes peuvent inclure le génocide&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les crimes de guerre&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les crimes contre &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;humanité, et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;torture&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;L'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;idea di umanità significa che tutti gli esseri umani appartengono a una comunità &lt;/ins&gt;globale &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e condividono una certa dignità e diritti fondamentali&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Significa anche che alcuni atti sono così gravi e disumani da costituire un attacco alla comunità umana nel suo complesso&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tali atti possono includere il genocidio&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i crimini di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;i crimini contro &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;umanità e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tortura&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces concepts fournissent une &lt;/del&gt;base &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pour &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;droit international humanitaire&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui protège les individus en temps de guerre&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;droit pénal international, qui permet la poursuite et la condamnation des individus responsables de graves violations de ces normes&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questi concetti costituiscono la &lt;/ins&gt;base &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;del diritto internazionale umanitario, che protegge &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;persone in tempo di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e del diritto penale internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che consente di perseguire e punire &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;persone responsabili di gravi violazioni di queste norme&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Après &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Première Guerre &lt;/del&gt;mondiale, la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Société des Nations a été créée dans le but de maintenir &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;paix et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sécurité internationales en favorisant &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dialogue et la coopération entre les nations&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cependant&lt;/del&gt;, l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;incapacité de la Société des Nations à prévenir &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Seconde Guerre &lt;/del&gt;mondiale &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a conduit à sa dissolution et à la création de l'Organisation des Nations Unies &lt;/del&gt;(ONU) &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;en &lt;/del&gt;1945. L'ONU, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;avec son Conseil de sécurité&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est devenue l'institution &lt;/del&gt;principale &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pour la résolution des conflits et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;promotion de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;paix à l'échelle internationale&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le Conseil de sécurité est chargé de maintenir la paix et la sécurité internationales, et a la capacité de prendre des décisions juridiquement contraignantes&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les concepts de &lt;/del&gt;peacekeeping &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(maintien de la paix) et de &lt;/del&gt;peacemaking &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;(consolidation de la paix) ont également été introduits&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les opérations de maintien de la paix de l'ONU impliquent le déploiement de troupes&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d'observateurs militaires ou de policiers civils pour aider à maintenir la paix et la sécurité dans les zones de conflit&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le peacemaking&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d'autre part&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;vise à résoudre les conflits par &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;médiation&lt;/del&gt;, la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;négociation et d'autres moyens pacifiques&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces initiatives et institutions&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bien que parfois critiquées pour leur inefficacité ou leur manque de pouvoir coercitif&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;représentent des efforts importants pour promouvoir &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;universalité et &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;humanité dans le système international&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Dopo &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Prima guerra &lt;/ins&gt;mondiale, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fu creata &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Società delle Nazioni con l'obiettivo di mantenere la pace e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sicurezza internazionale promuovendo il dialogo e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cooperazione tra &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nazioni&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tuttavia&lt;/ins&gt;, l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;incapacità della Società delle Nazioni di prevenire &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Seconda guerra &lt;/ins&gt;mondiale &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;portò al suo scioglimento e alla creazione delle Nazioni Unite &lt;/ins&gt;(ONU) &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel &lt;/ins&gt;1945. L'ONU, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;con il suo Consiglio di sicurezza&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è diventata la &lt;/ins&gt;principale &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;istituzione per &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;risoluzione dei conflitti e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;promozione della pace su scala internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il Consiglio di Sicurezza è responsabile del mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionale e ha il potere di prendere decisioni legalmente vincolanti&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sono stati introdotti anche i concetti di &lt;/ins&gt;peacekeeping &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e &lt;/ins&gt;peacemaking. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le operazioni di mantenimento della pace delle Nazioni Unite prevedono il dispiegamento di truppe&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;osservatori militari o polizia civile per contribuire al mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza nelle zone di conflitto&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La pacificazione&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;invece&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mira a risolvere i conflitti attraverso &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mediazione&lt;/ins&gt;, la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;negoziazione e altri mezzi pacifici&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Queste iniziative e istituzioni&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sebbene talvolta criticate per la loro inefficacia o mancanza di potere coercitivo&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rappresentano sforzi importanti per promuovere &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;universalità e &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;umanità nel sistema internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Les guerres des partisans : une nouvelle réalité=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;=Les guerres des partisans : une nouvelle réalité=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57273&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Niccolò Machiavel (1469-1527) : Le réalisme politique et les stratégies de la guerre */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57273&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:31:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Niccolò Machiavel (1469-1527) : Le réalisme politique et les stratégies de la guerre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;amp;diff=57273&amp;amp;oldid=57272&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57272&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Niccolò Machiavel (1469-1527) : Le réalisme politique et les stratégies de la guerre */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57272&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:28:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Niccolò Machiavel (1469-1527) : Le réalisme politique et les stratégies de la guerre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 22 juin 2023 à 16:28&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l167&quot;&gt;Ligne 167 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 167 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Niccolò Machiavel (1469-1527) : Le réalisme politique et les stratégies de la guerre===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Niccolò Machiavel (1469-1527) : Le réalisme politique et les stratégies de la guerre===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Article détaillé|La Renaissance italienne}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Santi di Tito - Niccolo Machiavelli's portrait.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Portrait posthume de Machiavel par Santi di Tito, au Palazzo Vecchio de Florence.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Santi di Tito - Niccolo Machiavelli's portrait.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Portrait posthume de Machiavel par Santi di Tito, au Palazzo Vecchio de Florence.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57271&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Lo stato di natura e la guerra come stato di conflitto permanente */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57271&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:27:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Lo stato di natura e la guerra come stato di conflitto permanente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;amp;diff=57271&amp;amp;oldid=57270&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57270&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Lo stato di natura e la guerra come stato di conflitto permanente */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57270&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:26:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Lo stato di natura e la guerra come stato di conflitto permanente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 22 juin 2023 à 16:26&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l126&quot;&gt;Ligne 126 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 126 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Lo stato di natura e la guerra come stato di conflitto permanente===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Lo stato di natura e la guerra come stato di conflitto permanente===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{Article détaillé|La naissance du concept moderne de l’État}}&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Leviathan.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Il Leviatano, o Trattato sulla materia, la forma e il potere di una Repubblica ecclesiastica e civile, 1651.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Leviathan.jpg|thumb|right|160px|Il Leviatano, o Trattato sulla materia, la forma e il potere di una Repubblica ecclesiastica e civile, 1651.]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57269&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* La théorisation de la guerre :  approches et penseurs clés */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57269&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:26:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;La théorisation de la guerre :  approches et penseurs clés&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;amp;diff=57269&amp;amp;oldid=57268&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57268&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* La guerra moderna: caratteristiche e problemi attuali */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Teorie_della_guerra_nella_scienza_politica&amp;diff=57268&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2023-06-22T14:24:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;La guerra moderna: caratteristiche e problemi attuali&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 22 juin 2023 à 16:24&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l70&quot;&gt;Ligne 70 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 70 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Helst, Peace of Münster.jpg|thumb|Banchetto della Guardia civica di Amsterdam in occasione della pace di Münster di Bartholomeus van der Helst, dipinto nel 1648|300px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Fichier:Helst, Peace of Münster.jpg|thumb|Banchetto della Guardia civica di Amsterdam in occasione della pace di Münster di Bartholomeus van der Helst, dipinto nel 1648|300px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre de Trente Ans&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui a eu lieu principalement en Europe &lt;/del&gt;centrale, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est souvent considérée comme &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tournant dans l'histoire de la guerre et de la diplomatie&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bien que cette guerre ait commencé comme &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflit religieux au sein du Saint Empire romain germanique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;elle a rapidement impliqué plusieurs grandes puissances européennes&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dont la France&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la Suède&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l'Espagne et le Danemark&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et est devenue une lutte pour le pouvoir politique et territorial&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guerra dei Trent'anni&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che si svolse principalmente in Europa &lt;/ins&gt;centrale, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è spesso considerata &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;punto di svolta nella storia della guerra e della diplomazia&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sebbene sia iniziata come &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflitto religioso all'interno del Sacro Romano Impero&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;presto coinvolse diverse grandi potenze europee&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tra cui Francia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Svezia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Spagna e Danimarca&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e divenne una lotta per il potere politico e territoriale&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre de Trente Ans est particulièrement &lt;/del&gt;importante &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;en science politique pour plusieurs raisons &lt;/del&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guerra dei Trent'anni è particolarmente &lt;/ins&gt;importante &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;per la scienza politica per diversi motivi&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le traité de Westphalie &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ce traité&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;signé en &lt;/del&gt;1648, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a marqué &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fin de la guerre de Trente Ans et a posé les bases de l&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ordre international moderne basé sur &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;système d'États souverains&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ce système&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;souvent appelé système westphalien&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;définit les principes de souveraineté nationale et de &lt;/del&gt;non&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-ingérence&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui sont encore au cœur du droit international aujourd'hui&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il Trattato di Westfalia&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;questo trattato&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;firmato nel &lt;/ins&gt;1648, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;segnò &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fine della Guerra dei Trent&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;anni e gettò &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;basi del moderno ordine internazionale basato sul sistema degli Stati sovrani&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo sistema&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;spesso chiamato sistema di Westfalia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ha definito i principi di sovranità nazionale e di &lt;/ins&gt;non &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ingerenza&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che sono ancora oggi alla base del diritto internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;transformation de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre : La guerre de Trente Ans a été l'un des conflits les plus destructeurs de l&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;histoire européenne&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;marqué par une violence généralisée contre les civils et &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;niveau de destruction sans précédent&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conduit à des changements dans la façon dont &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre était menée&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y compris l'utilisation croissante d'armées permanentes et de tactiques de siège&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trasformazione della guerra: &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guerra dei Trent&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;anni fu uno dei conflitti più distruttivi della storia europea&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;caratterizzato da una violenza diffusa contro i civili e da &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;livello di distruzione senza precedenti&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo portò &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cambiamenti nel modo di combattere &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerra&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;compreso il crescente uso di eserciti permanenti e di tattiche di assedio&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;politisation de la religion &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bien que &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre ait commencé comme &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflit religieux&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;elle a finalement évolué vers une lutte pour le pouvoir politique&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela a marqué une étape &lt;/del&gt;importante &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dans le processus de sécularisation de la politique européenne&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;où &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;religion est devenue un outil de légitimation politique plutôt qu'&lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;moteur de conflit&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;politicizzazione della religione&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sebbene &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerra sia iniziata come &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflitto religioso&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;alla fine si è evoluta in una lotta per il potere politico&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ciò segnò una tappa &lt;/ins&gt;importante &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel processo di secolarizzazione della politica europea&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in cui &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;religione divenne uno strumento di legittimazione politica piuttosto che &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;motore di conflitto&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En fin de compte&lt;/del&gt;, la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre de Trente Ans et le traité de Westphalie ont eu &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;impact profond sur la formation de l'État moderne et du système international&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ce qui les rend d'une &lt;/del&gt;grande &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;importance pour &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;science politique&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In definitiva&lt;/ins&gt;, la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guerra dei Trent'anni e il Trattato di Westfalia hanno avuto &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;profondo impatto sulla formazione dello Stato moderno e del sistema internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;diventando così di &lt;/ins&gt;grande &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;importanza per &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;scienza politica&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le traité de Westphalie en &lt;/del&gt;1648 &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est souvent considéré comme le moment où le concept de souveraineté des États a été formellement reconnu dans le droit international&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ce traité a mis fin à la guerre de Trente Ans en Europe et a établi &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;système d'États souverains&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;où chaque État avait le contrôle exclusif sur son territoire et sa population&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il Trattato di Westfalia del &lt;/ins&gt;1648 &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è spesso considerato il momento in cui il concetto di sovranità statale è stato formalmente riconosciuto nel diritto internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo trattato pose fine alla Guerra dei Trent'anni in Europa e stabilì &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sistema di Stati sovrani&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in cui ogni Stato aveva il controllo esclusivo del proprio territorio e della propria popolazione&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;souveraineté des États a plusieurs implications pour &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;politique internationale &lt;/del&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sovranità statale ha diverse implicazioni per &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerra e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;politica internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les guerres interétatiques &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Dans le système westphalien&lt;/del&gt;, la guerre &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est principalement une affaire entre États. Cela signifie que les guerres sont généralement déclarées par les gouvernements&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;menées par des armées régulières et régies par des lois et des coutumes internationales&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guerre tra Stati&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel sistema di Westfalia&lt;/ins&gt;, la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerra è principalmente una questione tra Stati. Ciò significa che le &lt;/ins&gt;guerre &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sono generalmente dichiarate dai governi&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;combattute da eserciti regolari e regolate da leggi e consuetudini internazionali&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le rôle de &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;État-nation : L'idée d'État-nation implique que chaque État a le droit de gouverner sa population sans ingérence extérieure&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela donne aux États le droit de défendre leur territoire et leur population&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ce qui peut conduire à des conflits avec d'autres États&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il ruolo dello Stato nazionale: &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;idea dello Stato nazionale implica che ogni Stato ha il diritto di governare la propria popolazione senza interferenze esterne&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo dà agli Stati il diritto di difendere il proprio territorio e la propria popolazione&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il che può portare a conflitti con altri Stati&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le droit à la guerre &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La souveraineté des États implique également le droit de déclarer &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;guerre et de conclure &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;paix&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela signifie que les États ont le droit de recourir à &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;force pour défendre leurs intérêts&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bie&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il diritto alla guerra&lt;/ins&gt;: la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sovranità statale implica anche il diritto di dichiarare guerra e di fare &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pace&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ciò significa che gli Stati hanno il diritto di usare &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;forza per difendere i propri interessi&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;indipendentemente dal fatto che siano o meno in grado di farlo.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le droit international public&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;en particulier le droit de la guerre&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;est principalement axé sur les relations entre États souverains&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il établit un certain nombre de règles et de principes qui régissent le comportement des États en temps de guerre&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Parmi ces règles, on peut citer &lt;/del&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il diritto internazionale pubblico&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in particolare il diritto di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;si concentra principalmente sulle relazioni tra Stati sovrani&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Stabilisce una serie di norme e principi che regolano il comportamento degli Stati in tempo di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Queste regole comprendono&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La diplomatie moderne &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le droit international a joué &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rôle clé dans l'établissement de normes et de procédures diplomatiques&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y compris &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;immunité diplomatique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les relations diplomatiques et consulaires, et les négociations de traités&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Diplomazia moderna&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il diritto internazionale ha svolto &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ruolo fondamentale nella definizione delle norme e delle procedure diplomatiche&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tra cui &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;immunità diplomatica&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le relazioni diplomatiche e consolari e le negoziazioni dei trattati&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La souveraineté des États &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le principe de la souveraineté des États est fondamental en droit international&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela signifie que chaque État a &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;droit de gouverner son propre territoire et de mener ses relations internationales comme il l'entend&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;à condition de respecter les droits des autres États&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sovranità dello Stato&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il principio della sovranità dello Stato è fondamentale per il diritto internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ciò significa che ogni Stato ha il diritto di governare il proprio territorio e di condurre &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;proprie relazioni internazionali come meglio crede&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;a condizione che rispetti i diritti degli altri Stati&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;déclaration de guerre &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Traditionnellement&lt;/del&gt;, le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;droit international exigeait qu'un État déclare officiellement la guerre avant de commencer les hostilités&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Bien que cette pratique ait été largement abandonnée&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le droit international exige toujours que les États respectent les principes de la guerre juste&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y compris &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;proportionnalité et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;discrimination entre combattants et &lt;/del&gt;non&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;-combattants&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;dichiarazione di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tradizionalmente&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il diritto internazionale richiedeva che uno Stato dichiarasse formalmente la guerra prima di iniziare &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ostilità&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sebbene questa pratica sia stata in gran parte abbandonata&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il diritto internazionale richiede ancora agli Stati di rispettare i principi della guerra giusta&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tra cui &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;proporzionalità e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;discriminazione tra combattenti e &lt;/ins&gt;non &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;combattenti&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conclusion de la &lt;/del&gt;guerre &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;: Le droit international prévoit également que les guerres doivent être terminées par &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;traité de paix&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qui définit les termes de la fin des hostilités et établit &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cadre pour &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;résolution des différends restants&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela est important pour assurer une transition pacifique vers une paix durable après &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflit&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;* La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conclusione della guerra: il diritto internazionale prevede anche che le &lt;/ins&gt;guerre &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;debbano essere concluse da &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trattato di pace&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che definisca i termini della fine delle ostilità e stabilisca &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;quadro per &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;risoluzione delle controversie rimanenti&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo è importante per garantire una transizione pacifica verso una pace duratura dopo &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflitto&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces règles sont essentielles pour maintenir &lt;/del&gt;l'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ordre et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stabilité dans le système international&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cependant&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;leur application et leur respect peuvent varier en fonction des circonstances, et leur violation peut avoir des conséquences graves&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y compris des sanctions internationales et des poursuites pour crimes de guerre&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Queste regole sono essenziali per mantenere &lt;/ins&gt;l'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ordine e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;stabilità nel sistema internazionale&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tuttavia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la loro applicazione e osservanza può variare a seconda delle circostanze e la loro violazione può avere gravi conseguenze&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tra cui sanzioni internazionali e azioni penali per crimini di guerra&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==La théorisation de la guerre :  approches et penseurs clés==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==La théorisation de la guerre :  approches et penseurs clés==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
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