Political socialization - Historique des versions

Arthur le 3 octobre 2020 à 22:37

2020-10-03T22:37:13Z

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	=Political Socialization: Definitions=		=Political Socialization: Definitions=
	This distinction is also found in the theories of ~~socialization~~ in politics.		This distinction is also found in the theories of socialisation in politics.

	Rush defines political socialization as the process by which individuals in a society become acquired to the political system. For Lacam, it is the set of mechanisms and processes of formation and transformation of individual systems of political representations, opinions and attitudes. Johnston Conover defines it reflecting the paradigm of interaction being political socialization as the learning of values, attitudes and modes of behaviour that help people to "fit" into their political systems, making them "good" citizens.		Rush defines political socialization as the process by which individuals in a society become acquired to the political system. For Lacam, it is the set of mechanisms and processes of formation and transformation of individual systems of political representations, opinions and attitudes. Johnston Conover defines it reflecting the paradigm of interaction being political socialization as the learning of values, attitudes and modes of behaviour that help people to "fit" into their political systems, making them "good" citizens.

Arthur le 12 mai 2020 à 21:15

2020-05-12T21:15:12Z

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	\| fr = La socialisation politique		\| fr = La socialisation politique
	\| es = La socialización política		\| es = La socialización política
			\| it = La socializzazione politica
	}}		}}

Arthur le 9 mai 2020 à 09:37

2020-05-09T09:37:37Z

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	{{Translations		{{Translations
	\| fr = La socialisation politique		\| fr = La socialisation politique
	\| es =		\| es = La socialización política
	}}		}}

Arthur : /* Capital social et participation politique des immigrés : résultats */

2020-05-04T11:11:15Z

Capital social et participation politique des immigrés : résultats

← Version précédente		Version du 4 mai 2020 à 13:11
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	=Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model=		=Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model=

	[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 1.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.<ref>Jacobs, D., & Tillie, J. (2004). Introduction: social capital and political integration of migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(3), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830410001682016</ref>]]		[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 1.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.<ref name=":0">Jacobs, D., & Tillie, J. (2004). Introduction: social capital and political integration of migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(3), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830410001682016</ref>]]

	A range of researchers have been interested in trying to explain the political participation of immigrants. It is a path analysis model, also known as causal choice model, in which one wants to explain one or more independent variables. These are researchers who started from Putnam's criticism that capital is essentially a property of the system and that it is the density of associations that gives an indicator of the quality or quantity of social capital that exists in a given society. For these researchers, it's not just that. What is important, especially for explaining political behaviour, is precisely the extent to which this social capital at the systemic level translates into an individual resource that may or may not be owned by the actors. Control variables and social capital variables measured through membership in voluntary associations appear. There is, however, the Putnamian idea that social capital is constituted by membership in associations. There is a distinction between "ethnic-membership" and "cross-ethnic-membership," which Putnam called "bonding" and "bridging. It is an application of this distinction to the study of the impact of immigrants' inclusion in associations on their political participation.		A range of researchers have been interested in trying to explain the political participation of immigrants. It is a path analysis model, also known as causal choice model, in which one wants to explain one or more independent variables. These are researchers who started from Putnam's criticism that capital is essentially a property of the system and that it is the density of associations that gives an indicator of the quality or quantity of social capital that exists in a given society. For these researchers, it's not just that. What is important, especially for explaining political behaviour, is precisely the extent to which this social capital at the systemic level translates into an individual resource that may or may not be owned by the actors. Control variables and social capital variables measured through membership in voluntary associations appear. There is, however, the Putnamian idea that social capital is constituted by membership in associations. There is a distinction between "ethnic-membership" and "cross-ethnic-membership," which Putnam called "bonding" and "bridging. It is an application of this distinction to the study of the impact of immigrants' inclusion in associations on their political participation.

	=~~Capital social et~~ participation ~~politique des immigrés~~ : ~~résultats~~=		=Social capital and political participation of immigrants: outcomes=

	[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 2.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.]]		[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 2.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.<ref name=":0" />]]

	~~Ce tableau résume le schéma précédent~~. ~~Pour les quatre pays~~, ~~il y a différentes~~ variables. ~~On voit que dans chaque pays, le~~ ethnic-membership ~~est quelque chose qui explique la~~ participation. ~~Les immigrés qui sont membres d’associations qui fournissent un bounding~~ social capital ~~ont plus de chance de participer que ceux qui ne sont pas membres~~.		This table summarizes the previous diagram. For the four countries, there are different variables. We can see that in each country ethnic-membership is something that explains participation. Immigrants who are members of associations that provide social capital bounding are more likely to participate than those who are not members.

	~~En ce qui concerne la~~ participation ~~politique des immigrés~~, le capital ~~social~~, ~~en tout cas mesuré à travers l’appartenance à des~~ associations et important ~~voire~~ crucial, ~~mais ce n’est pas tellement le~~ type de capital ~~social qui explique la~~ participation, ~~mais c’est le fait d’être membre d’une~~ association ~~et de tirer de cette appartenance~~ associative ~~un capital social qui favorise la~~ participation. ~~Le modèle du~~ civic voluntarism, ~~avec~~ Verba, ~~dit que l’appartenance à des~~ associations ~~ne donne pas le~~ capital ~~social~~, ~~mais donne des capacités civiques qu’on peut mettre à l’œuvre ensuite dans notre~~ participation.		As far as the political participation of immigrants is concerned, social capital, in any case measured through membership in associations, is important and even crucial, but it is not so much the type of social capital that explains participation, but it is the fact of being a member of an association and deriving social capital from this associative membership that promotes participation. The model of civic voluntarism, with Verba, says that membership in associations does not give social capital, but gives civic capacities that we can then put to work in our participation.

	=Annexes=		=Annexes=

Arthur : /* Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model */

2020-05-04T11:10:27Z

Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model

← Version précédente		Version du 4 mai 2020 à 13:10
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	=Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model=		=Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model=

	[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 1.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.]]		[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 1.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.<ref>Jacobs, D., & Tillie, J. (2004). Introduction: social capital and political integration of migrants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(3), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830410001682016</ref>]]

	A range of researchers have been interested in trying to explain the political participation of immigrants. It is a path analysis model, also known as causal choice model, in which one wants to explain one or more independent variables. These are researchers who started from Putnam's criticism that capital is essentially a property of the system and that it is the density of associations that gives an indicator of the quality or quantity of social capital that exists in a given society. For these researchers, it's not just that. What is important, especially for explaining political behaviour, is precisely the extent to which this social capital at the systemic level translates into an individual resource that may or may not be owned by the actors. Control variables and social capital variables measured through membership in voluntary associations appear. There is, however, the Putnamian idea that social capital is constituted by membership in associations. There is a distinction between "ethnic-membership" and "cross-ethnic-membership," which Putnam called "bonding" and "bridging. It is an application of this distinction to the study of the impact of immigrants' inclusion in associations on their political participation.		A range of researchers have been interested in trying to explain the political participation of immigrants. It is a path analysis model, also known as causal choice model, in which one wants to explain one or more independent variables. These are researchers who started from Putnam's criticism that capital is essentially a property of the system and that it is the density of associations that gives an indicator of the quality or quantity of social capital that exists in a given society. For these researchers, it's not just that. What is important, especially for explaining political behaviour, is precisely the extent to which this social capital at the systemic level translates into an individual resource that may or may not be owned by the actors. Control variables and social capital variables measured through membership in voluntary associations appear. There is, however, the Putnamian idea that social capital is constituted by membership in associations. There is a distinction between "ethnic-membership" and "cross-ethnic-membership," which Putnam called "bonding" and "bridging. It is an application of this distinction to the study of the impact of immigrants' inclusion in associations on their political participation.

Arthur : /* Types de capital social */

2020-05-04T11:09:34Z

Types de capital social

← Version précédente		Version du 4 mai 2020 à 13:09
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	The definition of social capital must be distinguished by its origins and its consequences. Among its origins, there are several, such as the state, civil society, and instrumental sources, that is, the motivations of actors to engage in social relations that will then produce social capital. These reasons may be expressive, identity-related, or instrumental and exchange-related. The positive and negative consequences of social capital must also be accounted for.		The definition of social capital must be distinguished by its origins and its consequences. Among its origins, there are several, such as the state, civil society, and instrumental sources, that is, the motivations of actors to engage in social relations that will then produce social capital. These reasons may be expressive, identity-related, or instrumental and exchange-related. The positive and negative consequences of social capital must also be accounted for.

	=Types de capital ~~social~~=		=Types of social capital=
	Le capital ~~social a été étudié dans plusieurs contextes afin d’étudier le comportement politique~~, ~~mais il y~~ a ~~un sous-domaine ou un domaine d’étude qui s’intéresse en particulier en Suisse à l’étude de l’engagement des étrangers ou des immigrés~~. ~~De nombreux travaux sont fait dans ce contexte~~, ~~en particulier et pas seulement~~, ~~on utilise une~~ distinction ~~proposée par~~ Putnam ~~lui-même~~. ~~Cette~~ distinction ~~se fait entre trois~~ types ~~différents de~~ capital ~~social~~ :		Social capital has been studied in several contexts to study political behaviour, but there is a subfield or field of study that is particularly interested in Switzerland in the study of the involvement of foreigners or immigrants. Much work is done in this context, in particular and not only, a distinction proposed by Putnam himself is used. This distinction is made between three different types of social capital :

	*bonding : ce type de capital ~~est constitué par la valeur attribuée aux réseaux sociaux qui relient des groupes socialement homogènes~~.		*bonding: this type of capital consists of the value attributed to social networks that link socially homogeneous groups.
	*bridging : ~~valeur attribuée aux réseaux sociaux qui relient des groupes socialement hétérogènes~~. ~~Pour~~ Putnam, ~~c’est ce~~ capital ~~qui permet de faire le pont entre des groupes différents~~.		*bridging: value attributed to social networks that link socially heterogeneous groups. For Putnam, it is this capital that enables bridging between different groups.
	*linking : ~~c’est le~~ capital ~~social qui relie de manière verticale les~~ institutions ~~à la société civile~~. ~~C’est la valeur attribuée aux réseaux sociaux qui relient des groupes sociaux aux~~ institutions ~~politiques~~.		*linking: it is the social capital that vertically connects institutions to civil society. It is the value attributed to the social networks that link social groups to political institutions.

	~~Ces différents~~ types de capital ~~social ont des~~ impacts ~~différents sur l’explication de la~~ participation ~~politique~~.		These different types of social capital have different impacts on explaining political participation.

	=~~Capital social et~~ participation ~~politique des immigrés~~ : ~~modèle~~=		=Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model=

	[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 1.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.]]		[[Fichier:comportement politique capital social et participation politique des immigrés 1.png\|vignette\|Jacobs, D. et J. Tillie (2004). “Introduction: Social Capital and Political Integration of Migrants”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 30: 419-427.]]

	~~Un ensemble de chercheurs s’est intéressé à tenter d’expliquer la~~ participation ~~politique des immigrés~~. ~~C’est un modèle de~~ path analysis ~~dit aussi de choix causaux où on veut expliquer une ou des~~ variables ~~indépendantes~~. ~~Ce sont des chercheurs qui sont partis d’une critique de~~ Putnam ~~disant que le~~ capital ~~est essentiellement une propriété du système donc que c’est la densité des~~ associations ~~qui donne un indicateur de la qualité ou de la quantité du~~ capital ~~social qui existe dans une société donnée~~. ~~Pour ces chercheurs~~, ~~ce n’est pas seulement cela~~. ~~Ce qui importe~~, ~~surtout pour expliquer les comportements politiques~~, ~~est justement, dans quelle mesure ce~~ capital ~~social au niveau systémique se traduit dans une ressource individuelle qui est possédée ou pas possédée par les acteurs~~. ~~Apparaissent les~~ variables ~~de contrôle et les~~ variables ~~de capital social mesurées à travers le~~ membership ~~dans des~~ associations ~~de volontariat~~. ~~Il y a quand même l’idée putnamienne que le~~ capital ~~social est constitué par l’appartenance à des~~ associations. ~~Il y~~ a ~~une~~ distinction ~~entre «~~ ethnic-membership ~~» et «~~ cross-ethnic-membership », ~~ce que~~ Putnam ~~a appelé «~~ bonding ~~» et «~~ bridging ». ~~C’est une~~ application ~~de cette~~ distinction ~~à l’étude de l’impact de l’insertion dans des~~ associations ~~de la part des immigrés sur leur~~ participation ~~politique~~.		A range of researchers have been interested in trying to explain the political participation of immigrants. It is a path analysis model, also known as causal choice model, in which one wants to explain one or more independent variables. These are researchers who started from Putnam's criticism that capital is essentially a property of the system and that it is the density of associations that gives an indicator of the quality or quantity of social capital that exists in a given society. For these researchers, it's not just that. What is important, especially for explaining political behaviour, is precisely the extent to which this social capital at the systemic level translates into an individual resource that may or may not be owned by the actors. Control variables and social capital variables measured through membership in voluntary associations appear. There is, however, the Putnamian idea that social capital is constituted by membership in associations. There is a distinction between "ethnic-membership" and "cross-ethnic-membership," which Putnam called "bonding" and "bridging. It is an application of this distinction to the study of the impact of immigrants' inclusion in associations on their political participation.

	=Capital social et participation politique des immigrés : résultats=		=Capital social et participation politique des immigrés : résultats=

Arthur : /* Sources of Social Capital */

2020-05-04T11:08:12Z

Sources of Social Capital

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	[[Fichier:comportement politique sources du capital social 1.png\|vignette\|Portes, A. (1998). “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology”. Annual Review of Sociology 22: 1-24.]]		[[Fichier:comportement politique sources du capital social 1.png\|vignette\|Portes, A. (1998). “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology”. Annual Review of Sociology 22: 1-24.]]

	What is important in this schema, from the article ''Social Capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology'' published in 1998 by Portes is that it distinguishes the definition, i.e., what social capital is, from its sources, origins and effects, but in a somewhat mixed way. The result is that empirically, it becomes difficult to study.		What is important in this schema, from the article ''Social Capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology'' published in 1998 by Portes is that it distinguishes the definition, i.e., what social capital is, from its sources, origins and effects, but in a somewhat mixed way.<ref>Portes, A. (1998). Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1</ref> The result is that empirically, it becomes difficult to study.

	For Portes, we have to distinguish the definition from these sources. Social capital can come from different things, and we have to distinguish between the definition and the sources of its consequences. There is also a distinction between sources of the expressive type and sources of the instrumental type, i.e., social capital as an end in itself or as resulting from an exchange based on reciprocal interests. It is also necessary to look at what consequences are, as Portes does. According to Portes, the literature has focused only on positive sources.		For Portes, we have to distinguish the definition from these sources. Social capital can come from different things, and we have to distinguish between the definition and the sources of its consequences. There is also a distinction between sources of the expressive type and sources of the instrumental type, i.e., social capital as an end in itself or as resulting from an exchange based on reciprocal interests. It is also necessary to look at what consequences are, as Portes does. According to Portes, the literature has focused only on positive sources.

Arthur : /* Sources du capital social */

2020-05-04T11:07:12Z

Sources du capital social

← Version précédente		Version du 4 mai 2020 à 13:07
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	In either case, the basic idea is that social capital is the result of a set of relationships that one can have with different groups, individuals or institutions.		In either case, the basic idea is that social capital is the result of a set of relationships that one can have with different groups, individuals or institutions.

	=Sources ~~du capital social~~=		=Sources of Social Capital=
	~~Le schéma suivant concerne les~~ sources ~~et les conséquences du~~ capital ~~social~~. ~~Il faut d’abord s’intéresser aux~~ sources, ~~à savoir d’où vient le~~ capital ~~social~~. ~~C’est la~~ perspective ~~dominante aujourd’hui~~. ~~L’idée est que le~~ capital ~~social ne vient pas seulement de la société civile~~, ~~mais aussi de manière beaucoup plus verticale~~, ~~venant aussi de l’État~~. ~~L’État peut aussi produire du~~ capital ~~social~~.		The following diagram concerns the sources and consequences of social capital. First, we need to look at the sources, i.e., where social capital comes from. This is the dominant perspective today. The idea is that social capital comes not only from civil society, but also in a much more vertical way, also coming from the state. The state can also produce social capital.

	[[Fichier:comportement politique sources du capital social 1.png\|vignette\|Portes, A. (1998). “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology”. Annual Review of Sociology 22: 1-24.]]		[[Fichier:comportement politique sources du capital social 1.png\|vignette\|Portes, A. (1998). “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology”. Annual Review of Sociology 22: 1-24.]]

	~~Ce qui est~~ important ~~dans ce schéma~~, ~~issue de l’article~~ ''Social Capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology'' ~~publié en~~ 1998 de Portes ~~est qu’il distingue la définition~~, ~~à savoir ce qu’est le~~ capital ~~social~~, ~~de ses~~ sources, ~~ses origines et de ses effets~~, ~~mais de façon un peu mélangée~~. ~~Le résultat est que sur le plan empirique~~, ~~cela devient difficile à étudier~~.		What is important in this schema, from the article ''Social Capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology'' published in 1998 by Portes is that it distinguishes the definition, i.e., what social capital is, from its sources, origins and effects, but in a somewhat mixed way. The result is that empirically, it becomes difficult to study.

	~~Pour~~ Portes, ~~il faut distinguer la définition de ces~~ sources. Le capital ~~social peut venir de différentes choses et il faut distinguer la définition et les~~ sources ~~de ses conséquences~~. ~~Il y~~ a ~~également une~~ distinction ~~entre les~~ sources de type ~~expressif et les~~ sources de type ~~instrumental~~, ~~à savoir le~~ capital ~~social comme une fin en soi ou comme découlant d’un échange basé sur les intérêts réciproques~~. ~~Il faut également regarder ce que sont les conséquences comme le fait~~ Portes. ~~Selon~~ Portes, ~~la littérature s’est intéressée seulement aux~~ sources ~~positives~~.		For Portes, we have to distinguish the definition from these sources. Social capital can come from different things, and we have to distinguish between the definition and the sources of its consequences. There is also a distinction between sources of the expressive type and sources of the instrumental type, i.e., social capital as an end in itself or as resulting from an exchange based on reciprocal interests. It is also necessary to look at what consequences are, as Portes does. According to Portes, the literature has focused only on positive sources.

	~~Il faut distinguer la définition du~~ capital ~~social par ses origines et par ses conséquences~~. ~~Parmi ses origines~~, ~~il y en a plusieurs comme l’État~~, ~~la société civile~~, ~~des~~ sources ~~de type instrumentales~~, ~~à savoir les~~ motivations ~~qu’on les acteurs pour s’engager dans des~~ relations ~~sociales qui vont ensuite produire du~~ capital ~~social~~. ~~Ces raisons peuvent être de type~~ expressive, ~~identitaire~~, ~~ou alors~~ instrumental ~~et d’échange~~. ~~Il faut également rendre compte des conséquences positives, mais aussi négatives du~~ capital ~~social~~.		The definition of social capital must be distinguished by its origins and its consequences. Among its origins, there are several, such as the state, civil society, and instrumental sources, that is, the motivations of actors to engage in social relations that will then produce social capital. These reasons may be expressive, identity-related, or instrumental and exchange-related. The positive and negative consequences of social capital must also be accounted for.

	=Types de capital social=		=Types de capital social=

Arthur : /* Different conceptualizations of social capital: Stolle */

2020-05-04T11:05:15Z

Different conceptualizations of social capital: Stolle

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	=Different conceptualizations of social capital: Stolle=		=Different conceptualizations of social capital: Stolle=

	[[Fichier:comportement politique conceptualisations du capital social Stolle 1.png\|vignette\|Dalton, R.J. et H.-D. Klingemann, éds. (2007). The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press.]]		[[Fichier:comportement politique conceptualisations du capital social Stolle 1.png\|vignette\|Dalton, R.J. et H.-D. Klingemann, éds. (2007). The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<ref>Dalton, R. J., & Klingemann, H. (Eds.). (2007). The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199270125.001.0001</ref>]]

	This table refers to three perspectives related to three key authors. Stolle highlights the three similarities and differences of these visions of social capital. Three approaches can be distinguished depending on the definition, which aspects of social interactions are important, what benefits social capital can bring to individuals or systems, and the awareness of benefits on the part of these actors. The importance of reciprocity norms is evident in Putnam's work. Coleman defines the different aspects of the social structure that gives actors different resources to satisfy their interests. For Lin, social capital is seen as investing in social relations with a return on the market.		This table refers to three perspectives related to three key authors. Stolle highlights the three similarities and differences of these visions of social capital. Three approaches can be distinguished depending on the definition, which aspects of social interactions are important, what benefits social capital can bring to individuals or systems, and the awareness of benefits on the part of these actors. The importance of reciprocity norms is evident in Putnam's work. Coleman defines the different aspects of the social structure that gives actors different resources to satisfy their interests. For Lin, social capital is seen as investing in social relations with a return on the market.

Arthur : /* L’impact biographique des mouvements sociaux */

2020-05-04T11:05:01Z

L’impact biographique des mouvements sociaux

Voir les modifications

Political socialization - Historique des versions

Arthur le 3 octobre 2020 à 22:37

Arthur le 12 mai 2020 à 21:15

Arthur le 9 mai 2020 à 09:37

Arthur : /* Capital social et participation politique des immigrés : résultats */

Arthur : /* Social capital and political participation of immigrants: model */

Arthur : /* Types de capital social */

Arthur : /* Sources of Social Capital */

Arthur : /* Sources du capital social */

Arthur : /* Different conceptualizations of social capital: Stolle */