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	<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico</id>
	<title>Il nuovo management pubblico - Historique des versions</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-04-30T01:00:04Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Historique des versions pour cette page sur le wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.38.6</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38438&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 15 janvier 2019 à 17:49</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38438&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-15T17:49:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 15 janvier 2019 à 19:49&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l9&quot;&gt;Ligne 9 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 9 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | cours = [[Amministrazione e Politiche Pubbliche]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://wadme.unige.ch:3149/pls/opprg/w_det_cours.debut?p_code_cours=T207013&amp;amp;p_plan_is=0&amp;amp;p_langue=1&amp;amp;p_frame=N&amp;amp;p_mode=PGC&amp;amp;p_annee=2014&amp;amp;p_suffixe=&amp;amp;p_grtri=12294 Programme des cours - année académique 2014-2015 - Administration et politiques publiques I (T207013 CR)]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | cours = [[Amministrazione e Politiche Pubbliche]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://wadme.unige.ch:3149/pls/opprg/w_det_cours.debut?p_code_cours=T207013&amp;amp;p_plan_is=0&amp;amp;p_langue=1&amp;amp;p_frame=N&amp;amp;p_mode=PGC&amp;amp;p_annee=2014&amp;amp;p_suffixe=&amp;amp;p_grtri=12294 Programme des cours - année académique 2014-2015 - Administration et politiques publiques I (T207013 CR)]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | lectures =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | lectures =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[Che cos'è &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;un'amministrazione pubblica&lt;/del&gt;?]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[Che cos'è &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la Pubblica Amministrazione&lt;/ins&gt;?]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[Gli autori classici: Weber, Taylor e Fayol]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[Gli autori classici: Weber, Taylor e Fayol]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[L'Amministrazione federale svizzera: una panoramica]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[L'Amministrazione federale svizzera: una panoramica]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38384&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur le 7 janvier 2019 à 19:10</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38384&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T19:10:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 21:10&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Ligne 7 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 7 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | assistants =   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | assistants =   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | enregistrement =  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | enregistrement =  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | cours = [[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Administration et politiques publiques&lt;/del&gt;]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://wadme.unige.ch:3149/pls/opprg/w_det_cours.debut?p_code_cours=T207013&amp;amp;p_plan_is=0&amp;amp;p_langue=1&amp;amp;p_frame=N&amp;amp;p_mode=PGC&amp;amp;p_annee=2014&amp;amp;p_suffixe=&amp;amp;p_grtri=12294 Programme des cours - année académique 2014-2015 - Administration et politiques publiques I (T207013 CR)]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | cours = [[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Amministrazione e Politiche Pubbliche&lt;/ins&gt;]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://wadme.unige.ch:3149/pls/opprg/w_det_cours.debut?p_code_cours=T207013&amp;amp;p_plan_is=0&amp;amp;p_langue=1&amp;amp;p_frame=N&amp;amp;p_mode=PGC&amp;amp;p_annee=2014&amp;amp;p_suffixe=&amp;amp;p_grtri=12294 Programme des cours - année académique 2014-2015 - Administration et politiques publiques I (T207013 CR)]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | lectures =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;  | lectures =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Qu’est-ce qu’une administration publique &lt;/del&gt;?]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Che cos'è un'amministrazione pubblica&lt;/ins&gt;?]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les auteurs classiques &lt;/del&gt;: Weber, Taylor &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et &lt;/del&gt;Fayol]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Gli autori classici&lt;/ins&gt;: Weber, Taylor &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e &lt;/ins&gt;Fayol]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’administration fédérale suisse &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;un aperçu&lt;/del&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'Amministrazione federale svizzera&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;una panoramica&lt;/ins&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Critique sociologique du modèle bureaucratique &lt;/del&gt;: Crozier &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et &lt;/del&gt;Friedberg]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Critica sociologica del modello burocratico&lt;/ins&gt;: Crozier &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;e &lt;/ins&gt;Friedberg]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Critiques psychosociologiques &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l’école des Ressources Humaines et les théories de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;motivation&lt;/del&gt;]]    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Critiche psicosociologiche&lt;/ins&gt;: la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;scuola delle Risorse Umane e le teorie della motivazione&lt;/ins&gt;]]    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les structures administratives&lt;/del&gt;]]    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le strutture amministrative&lt;/ins&gt;]]    &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La fonction publique&lt;/del&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il servizio pubblico&lt;/ins&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Administration et décision politique&lt;/del&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Amministrazione e processo decisionale politico&lt;/ins&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Administration et groupes d’intérêt&lt;/del&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Amministrazione e gruppi di interesse&lt;/ins&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Administration et mise en œuvre des politiques publiques&lt;/del&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Amministrazione e attuazione delle politiche pubbliche&lt;/ins&gt;]]   &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le contrôle de l’administration publique &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le Cour des comptes au sein du système genevois&lt;/del&gt;]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il controllo della pubblica amministrazione&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la Corte dei conti nel sistema ginevrino&lt;/ins&gt;]]  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La Nouvelle Gestion Publique&lt;/del&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*[[&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il nuovo management pubblico&lt;/ins&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38383&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Modelli della nuova gestione pubblica */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38383&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T19:09:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Modelli della nuova gestione pubblica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 21:09&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l100&quot;&gt;Ligne 100 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 100 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;! Ferlie et al. (1996) !! Mönks (1998) !! Bolgiani (2002)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;! Ferlie et al. (1996) !! Mönks (1998) !! Bolgiani (2002)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di efficienza''' : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concurrence et performance productive &lt;/del&gt;(&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;contrats de prestations&lt;/del&gt;) || &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle efficient &lt;/del&gt;|| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle du marché&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di efficienza''' : &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concorrenza e prestazioni produttive &lt;/ins&gt;(&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;contratti di servizi&lt;/ins&gt;) || &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello efficiente &lt;/ins&gt;|| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello di mercato&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di ridimensionamento e decentramento''' : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;décentralisation des responsabilités administratives et amaigrissement de l’administration &lt;/del&gt;|| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle de la flexibilité organisationnelle &lt;/del&gt;|| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle décentralisé&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di ridimensionamento e decentramento''' : &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;decentramento delle responsabilità amministrative e snellimento dell'amministrazione &lt;/ins&gt;|| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello di flessibilità organizzativa &lt;/ins&gt;|| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello decentrato&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di ricerca dell'eccellenza''' : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;culture favorable aux processus d’apprentissage et au &lt;/del&gt;leadership || &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle qualitatif &lt;/del&gt;||  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di ricerca dell'eccellenza''' : &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;una cultura che favorisca i processi di apprendimento e la &lt;/ins&gt;leadership || &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello qualitativo &lt;/ins&gt;||  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di orientamento &amp;quot;servizio pubblico&amp;quot;''' : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualité du service et satisfaction de la clientèle &lt;/del&gt;|| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle participatif &lt;/del&gt;|| &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle de qualité&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''Modello di orientamento &amp;quot;servizio pubblico&amp;quot;''' : &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualità del servizio e soddisfazione del cliente &lt;/ins&gt;|| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello partecipativo &lt;/ins&gt;|| &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello di qualità&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38382&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Modelli della nuova gestione pubblica */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38382&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T19:08:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Modelli della nuova gestione pubblica&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 21:08&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l100&quot;&gt;Ligne 100 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 100 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;! Ferlie et al. (1996) !! Mönks (1998) !! Bolgiani (2002)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;! Ferlie et al. (1996) !! Mönks (1998) !! Bolgiani (2002)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle de l’efficience&lt;/del&gt;''' : concurrence et performance productive (contrats de prestations) || Modèle efficient || Modèle du marché&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello di efficienza&lt;/ins&gt;''' : concurrence et performance productive (contrats de prestations) || Modèle efficient || Modèle du marché&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle du downsizing et de la décentralisation&lt;/del&gt;''' : décentralisation des responsabilités administratives et amaigrissement de l’administration || Modèle de la flexibilité organisationnelle || Modèle décentralisé&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello di ridimensionamento e decentramento&lt;/ins&gt;''' : décentralisation des responsabilités administratives et amaigrissement de l’administration || Modèle de la flexibilité organisationnelle || Modèle décentralisé&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle de la recherche d’excellence&lt;/del&gt;''' : culture favorable aux processus d’apprentissage et au leadership || Modèle qualitatif ||  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello di ricerca dell'eccellenza&lt;/ins&gt;''' : culture favorable aux processus d’apprentissage et au leadership || Modèle qualitatif ||  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|-&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèle d’orientation « service public »&lt;/del&gt;''' : qualité du service et satisfaction de la clientèle || Modèle participatif || Modèle de qualité&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;| '''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modello di orientamento &amp;quot;servizio pubblico&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;''' : qualité du service et satisfaction de la clientèle || Modèle participatif || Modèle de qualité&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38381&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Modèles de la nouvelle gestion publique */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38381&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T19:06:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Modèles de la nouvelle gestion publique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 21:06&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l92&quot;&gt;Ligne 92 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 92 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;4) Orientamento dei cittadini: si tratta di un modello molto teorico che raramente si trova nella realtà. L'idea è di dire che i cittadini dovrebbero diventare coproduttori del servizio pubblico, non solo perché sono stati invitati a partecipare a un'indagine di mercato o di soddisfazione, ma anche perché sono coinvolti ed esprimono la loro opinione sulla progettazione e sul modo in cui il servizio è fornito. L'amministrazione coinvolgerà il cittadino. Ci stiamo muovendo verso un processo decisionale più partecipativo in cui il cittadino è co-produttore del servizio pubblico. L'interesse dell'orientamento al cittadino sarebbe che, nel definire la qualità dei servizi, non è più l'organo che decide, ma tutte le persone interessate decidono quali dovrebbero essere le prestazioni dell'amministrazione pubblica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;4) Orientamento dei cittadini: si tratta di un modello molto teorico che raramente si trova nella realtà. L'idea è di dire che i cittadini dovrebbero diventare coproduttori del servizio pubblico, non solo perché sono stati invitati a partecipare a un'indagine di mercato o di soddisfazione, ma anche perché sono coinvolti ed esprimono la loro opinione sulla progettazione e sul modo in cui il servizio è fornito. L'amministrazione coinvolgerà il cittadino. Ci stiamo muovendo verso un processo decisionale più partecipativo in cui il cittadino è co-produttore del servizio pubblico. L'interesse dell'orientamento al cittadino sarebbe che, nel definire la qualità dei servizi, non è più l'organo che decide, ma tutte le persone interessate decidono quali dovrebbero essere le prestazioni dell'amministrazione pubblica.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modèles de la nouvelle gestion publique &lt;/del&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Modelli della nuova gestione pubblica &lt;/ins&gt;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ce tableau montre qu’il n’y a pas de paradigme unique est que très souvent dans la littérature on distingue plusieurs modèles de la nouvelle gestion publique&lt;/del&gt;. La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;plupart des typologies correspondant généralement aux quatre modèles précédents&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questa tabella mostra che non esiste un unico paradigma e che molto spesso in letteratura si distinguono diversi modelli della nuova gestione pubblica&lt;/ins&gt;. La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;maggior parte delle tipologie corrisponde generalmente ai quattro modelli precedenti&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38380&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Forces et faiblesses de la NGP */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38380&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T19:06:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Forces et faiblesses de la NGP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;fr&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 21:06&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l109&quot;&gt;Ligne 109 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 109 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Forces et faiblesses de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;NGP =&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Punti di forza e di debolezza dei NPM =&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nella ''La burocrazia liberale. Nuovo regolamento e gestione pubblica'' pubblicato nel 2004, Giauque si basa su due studi empirici. Porta ad una visione manichea della nuova gestione pubblica con un discorso, ma una realtà catastrofica all'opposto del discorso. Il modo in cui viene attuata &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gestione pubblica significa che le promesse non vengono mantenute.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Dans '&lt;/del&gt;'&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La bureaucratie libérale&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Nouvelle gestion publique et régulation'' publié en 2004&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Giauque se base sur deux études empiriques&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il aboutit à un point de vue manichéen de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nouvelle gestion publique avec un discours&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais une réalité catastrophique à l’opposé du discours&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La manière dont la gestion publique est mise en œuvre fait qu’on n’atteint pas les promesses&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La nuova gestione pubblica sottolinea l&lt;/ins&gt;'&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;autonomia operativa dei servizi&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Giauque non ha autonomia operativa&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ma una forte dipendenza dalle autorità pubbliche e dalle decisioni di bilancio&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Non siamo operativamente autonomi, ma dipendenti perché il bilancio e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sopravvivenza dipendono dal raggiungimento di obiettivi definiti da altri. Nei casi studiati da Giauque&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;gli obiettivi sono stati definiti in modo così rigoroso che le modalità di lavoro sono dettate dal modo in cui gli obiettivi sono stati definiti&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C'è una forte dipendenza dai poteri politici&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nouvelle gestion publique met l’accent sur l’autonomie opérationnelle des services. Giauque n’obverse pas une autonomie opérationnelle&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais une forte dépendance vis-à-vis des pouvoirs publics et des décisions budgétaires. On n’est pas autonome sur le plan opérationnel&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais dépendant parce que &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;budget et la survie dépendent de l’atteinte des objectifs définis par d’autres&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Dans les cas étudiés par Giauque&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les objectifs ont été définis de manière tellement stricte que les manières de travailler sont dictées par la manière dont les objectifs ont été définis. On retrouve une dépendance très forte vis-à-vis des pouvoirs politiques&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nuova gestione pubblica valorizza le iniziative individuali&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ma quando l'iniziativa è rischiosa&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il compromesso osservato è che &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;persone non prendono iniziative&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ci sono comportamenti di ritiro&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l'iniziativa è potenzialmente fonte di pericolo&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La nouvelle gestion publique valorise les initiatives individuelles&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais lorsque que l’initiative est risquée&lt;/del&gt;, le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;compromettent observé est que les gens ne prennent pas d’initiatives&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il y a des comportements de retrait, l’initiative est potentiellement une source de mise en danger&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A livello di discorso&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c'è una forte enfasi sulla qualità dei servizi&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la nuova gestione pubblica permette di migliorare la qualità dei servizi, ma quando si guarda alla base di valutazione dei servizi, in molti casi, i servizi sono valutati sul loro costo. L'accento è posto sulla qualità dei servizi, ma in pratica è spesso possibile porre maggiormente l'accento sull'efficienza, sul controllo dei costi e sulla volontà di spendere il meno possibile. C'è spesso una contraddizione che può sorgere ed esistere tra i due elementi, cioè come ottenere la qualità ad un costo inferiore. C'è tutta una tensione da esaminare se analizziamo empiricamente &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conseguenze dell'attuazione della nuova gestione pubblica&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Spesso l'amministrazione pubblica è controllata sul rispetto dei bilanci piuttosto che sulla qualità dei servizi&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Au niveau du discours, il y a un accent fort sur &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualité des services, la nouvelle gestion publique permet d’améliorer la qualité des services, mais quand on regarde la base sur laquelle les prestations sont évaluées, dans beaucoup de cas, les prestations sont évaluées sur leur coût&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;On insiste sur la qualité des prestations, mais dans les faits, on arrive souvent à mettre l’accent plus sur l’efficacité, la maitrise des coûts et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;volonté de dépenser le moins possible&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il y a souvent une contradiction qui peut se mettre en place et exister entre les deux éléments à savoir comment faire de la qualité avec &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;coût qui est moindre. Il y a toute une tension à examiner si on analyse empiriquement les conséquences de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mise en œuvre de la nouvelle gestion publique. Souvent, l’administration publique est contrôlée sur le respect des budgets plutôt que sur &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualité des prestations&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Giauque ha anche esaminato gli indicatori di performance che sono stati utilizzati per valutare &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualità dei lavoratori e dei servizi forniti dai membri della pubblica amministrazione&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Egli ha spesso osservato una discrepanza tra l'indicatore di performance e &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;realtà sul campo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Può esserci &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;divario tra &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;volontà di promuovere &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualità dei servizi e gli indicatori di prestazione che non consentono di fornire servizi di qualità solo in determinati casi&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Giauque a aussi regardé les indicateurs de performance qui étaient utilisés afin d’évaluer &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualité des travailleurs et des prestations effectuées par les membres de l’administration publique&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il a souvent observé un décalage entre l’indicateur de performance et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;réalité du terrain&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il peut y avoir &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;décalage entre la volonté de promouvoir la qualité des prestations et les indicateurs de performance qui ne permettent pas de faire des prestations de qualité que dans certains cas&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il nuovo sistema di gestione pubblica enfatizza &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;personalizzazione dei servizi&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Migliorare &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualità significa soddisfare le richieste dei fornitori di servizi&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;contesto in cui molto spesso insistiamo sulla riduzione dei budget, non finiamo con una personalizzazione dei servizi, ma con una standardizzazione dei servizi&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La nouvelle gestion publique met en avant la personnalisation des prestations&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Améliorer &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualité cela signifie répondre à la demande des prestataires. Dans un contexte où très souvent on insiste sur la réduction des budgets&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;on aboutit &lt;/del&gt;non &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pas à une personnalisation des prestations&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais à une standardisation des prestations&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Vogliamo premiare i più meritevoli, ma poiché le buste salariali sono già definite, non abbiamo i mezzi per farlo e gli stipendi basati sul merito non possono essere attuati&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;D'altra parte, c'è &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;volontà di incoraggiare il coinvolgimento, ma c'è incertezza relativa alla misurazione individuale delle prestazioni, ma poiché queste persone sono nell'incertezza&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;per &lt;/ins&gt;non &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mettersi in pericolo&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;non prenderanno alcuna iniziativa&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;On veut récompenser les plus méritants, mais comme les enveloppes salariales sont déjà définies, on n‘a pas les moyens de &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faire et les salaires au mérite ne peuvent pas être mis en œuvre&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;D’autre part, il y a la volonté de favoriser l’implication, mais il y a une incertitude liée à la mesure individuelle des performances, mais comme ces personnes sont dans l’incertitude&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pour ne pas se mettre en danger&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ils ne vont pas prendre d’initiative&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'obiettivo della nuova gestione pubblica è quello di mettere &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;persone e i servizi in concorrenza con l'idea di creare un'emulazione positiva&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;In realtà&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è uno spirito di concorrenza che prenderà piede&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;un'emulazione negativa&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La volonté de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nouvelle gestion publique est de mettre en concurrence les personnes et les services avec l’idée de créer une émulation positive&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;En réalité&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c’est &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;esprit de compétition qui va s’installer&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une émulation négative&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tutto ciò che Giauque dice dà una panoramica della nuova gestione pubblica negativa. Una visione meno manichea è dire che la nuova gestione pubblica è in un campo di tensione che dipenderà dal contesto, dall'esempio empirico e dallo studio particolare che stiamo affrontando. Questo campo di tensione è segnato da tre elementi:&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*il desiderio di ridurre i costi e di migliorare la qualità dei servizi: in molti casi, la deriva che osserviamo è che, poiché i costi sono facili da osservare e misurare, insisteremo sui costi e poiché la qualità è molto più difficile da misurare, c'è &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;tendenza a concentrarsi più sul controllo dei costi che sulla nozione più sfuggente di qualità;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*una tensione tra le direttive istituzionali e le aspettative degli utenti: chiunque si trovi in un'istituzione o lavori in una pubblica amministrazione riceve direttive. Allo stesso tempo, questa persona si trova di fronte ad un utente che può avere aspettative completamente diverse&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cosa si può fare se le aspettative istituzionali non sono le stesse delle aspettative dei clienti? Questa è una situazione che può accadere molto spesso. Quando si lavora in una pubblica amministrazione, ci si può chiedere chi è il &amp;quot;re cliente&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cioè l'istituzione o il beneficiario. L'istituzione ha più mezzi di sanzione del beneficiario. Ciò che si osserva spesso è la tendenza a concentrarsi più sulle linee guida istituzionali che sulle aspettative degli utenti.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*disponibilità a promuovere il coinvolgimento delle persone e &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sistema che permette di perdere il proprio lavoro: si può avere paura&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;essere segnati da situazioni di ansia e di incertezza che fanno sì che non si osi non prendere iniziative. È il modo di coinvolgere e motivare le persone in un contesto di insicurezza e pericolo che permette di incoraggiarle a ritirarsi in se stesse&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Tout ce que dit Giauque dresse un panorama de la nouvelle gestion publique négative. Une vision moins manichéenne est de dire que la nouvelle gestion publique est dans un champ de tension qui va dépendre du contexte, de l’exemple empirique et de l’étude particulière face à laquelle on se trouve. Ce champ de tension est marqué par trois éléments :&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Riferimenti &lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*une volonté de réduire les coûts et la volonté d’améliorer la qualité des prestations : dans beaucoup de cas, la dérive qu’on observe est que comme les coûts sont facile à observer et à mesure, on va insister sur les coûts et comme la qualité est beaucoup plus difficile à mesurer, il y une tendance à mettre l‘accent plutôt sur la maîtrise des coûts que sur la notion plus évasive qu’est la qualité ;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*une tension entre les directives institutionnelles et les attentes des usagers : toute personne qui est dans une institution ou travail dans une administration publique reçoit des directives. Cette personne dans le même temps se trouve face à un usager qui peut avoir des attentes tout à fait différentes. Comment faire si les attentes institutionnelles ne sont pas les mêmes que les attentes des clients. C’est une situation qui peut très souvent arriver. Lorsqu’on travaille dans une administration publique, on peut se poser la question de savoir qui est le « client roi » à savoir l’institution ou le bénéficiaire. L’institution à plus de moyens de sanction que le bénéficiaire. Ce qu’on observe fréquemment est une tendance à mettre plus d’accent sur les directives institutionnelles que sur les attentes des usagers.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;*volonté de promouvoir l’implication des personnes et un système qui fait qu’on peut perdre son emploi : on peut avoir peur, être marqué par des situations d’angoisses et d’incertitude qui fait qu’on ne va pas oser prendre d’initiatives. C’est comment impliquer et motiver les personnes tout en les mettant dans un contexte d’insécurité et de mise en danger qui fait qu’on peut les inciter à se replier sur eux-mêmes.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Références &lt;/del&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38379&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38379&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T19:05:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;amp;diff=38379&amp;amp;oldid=38378&quot;&gt;Voir les modifications&lt;/a&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38378&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique : un aperçu */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38378&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T19:01:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique : un aperçu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 21:01&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l53&quot;&gt;Ligne 53 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 53 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Questi obiettivi attraversano lo spettro politico. Molto spesso, la nuova gestione pubblica compie i maggiori progressi quando i partiti di &amp;quot;sinistra&amp;quot; sono al potere. Quando i partiti di &amp;quot;destra&amp;quot; sono al potere, è una visione molto più radicale che si oppone ai partiti di sinistra che sostengono questa opposizione. Questo non è sistematico, ma sono configurazioni che si trovano frequentemente. Il modello burocratico è per certi aspetti inefficiente. Il modello &amp;quot;di sinistra&amp;quot; propone una razionalizzazione. Questo è più un modello di mantenimento dei servizi pubblici che un modello di drastiche riduzioni delle dimensioni dello Stato.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Questi obiettivi attraversano lo spettro politico. Molto spesso, la nuova gestione pubblica compie i maggiori progressi quando i partiti di &amp;quot;sinistra&amp;quot; sono al potere. Quando i partiti di &amp;quot;destra&amp;quot; sono al potere, è una visione molto più radicale che si oppone ai partiti di sinistra che sostengono questa opposizione. Questo non è sistematico, ma sono configurazioni che si trovano frequentemente. Il modello burocratico è per certi aspetti inefficiente. Il modello &amp;quot;di sinistra&amp;quot; propone una razionalizzazione. Questo è più un modello di mantenimento dei servizi pubblici che un modello di drastiche riduzioni delle dimensioni dello Stato.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique &lt;/del&gt;: un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;aperçu &lt;/del&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Principi e strumenti della nuova gestione pubblica&lt;/ins&gt;: un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;quadro d'insieme &lt;/ins&gt;=&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Un best-seller di ''New Public Management'' è un libro di David Osborne e Ted Gaebler intitolato ''Reinventing Government, How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Changing the Public Sector'' pubblicato nel 1993. L'idea è quella di ripensare in profondità e radicalmente, per reinventare il governo.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Un best-seller du ''New Public Management'' est un livre de David Osborne et Ted Gaebler intitulé ''Reinventing Government, How the Entrepreneurial Spirit is Changing the Public Sector'' publié en 1993. L’idée est de repenser en profondeur et radicalement à savoir réinventer le gouvernement.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questi autori distinguono undici principi &amp;quot;teorici&amp;quot; dai quali si possono ricavare tutti gli strumenti della nuova gestione pubblica&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Abbassare il remo e tenere il timone&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;separazione tra obiettivi strategici e obiettivi operativi&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le questioni strategiche dovrebbero essere di competenza dei capi dipartimento e le questioni operative dovrebbero essere di competenza del personale sul campo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La stessa persona non deve occuparsi di entrambi&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces auteurs distinguent onze principes « théoriques » d’où l’on peut dériver l’ensemble des outils du new public management &lt;/del&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot; Potere agli utenti&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;definizione di politiche orientate alla comunità&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cioè controllate e talvolta gestite dagli utenti. Dobbiamo restituire gli utenti al centro&lt;/ins&gt;. Il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;modello precedente ha fatto il contrario&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Lâche la rame et tiens le gouvernail}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c’est &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;séparation des objectifs stratégiques et opérationnels&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les questions stratégiques doivent être du ressort des chefs de service et les questions opérationnelles par les agents de terrain&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Une même personne ne doit pas s’occuper des deux &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Viva &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concorrenza&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduzione del concetto di &amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;quasi-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mercato&amp;quot; e di &lt;/ins&gt;benchmarking. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Lo Stato deve essere rimosso dal monopolio pubblico verso &lt;/ins&gt;un quasi-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mercato che è &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mercato dei servizi pubblici&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;All'interno dell'amministrazione stessa&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;confronteremo i diversi servizi in mezzo per vedere quale ha le migliori prestazioni&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ciò consente di determinare le migliori pratiche che saranno applicate come risultato di tutti i servizi&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Le pouvoir aux usagers}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mise sur pied de politiques orientées vers la communauté&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c’est-à-dire contrôlées et parfois gérées par les usagers&lt;/del&gt;. Il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut remettre au centre les usagers. Le modèle précédent faisait le contraire &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Priorità agli obiettivi&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduzione del concetto di &amp;quot;controllo&amp;quot; e passaggio da un sistema legalistico a &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sistema orientato ai risultati&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Vive &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concurrence}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduction de la notion de « &lt;/del&gt;quasi-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;marché » ainsi que du &lt;/del&gt;benchmarking. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il faut sortir l’État du monopole public allant vers &lt;/del&gt;un quasi-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;marché qui est &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;marché des prestations publiques&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Au sein même de l’administration&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;on va comparer les différents services entre-deux pour voir celui qui a la meilleure performance&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela permet de déterminer les meilleures pratiques qui vont être appliquées en suite à l’ensemble des services &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;E se dovessimo dare &lt;/ins&gt;un&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;'occhiata ai risultati&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduzione della nozione di &amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;performance&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot; e di &amp;quot;efficienza&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'amministrazione pubblica deve diventare efficiente&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il più possibile &lt;/ins&gt;efficiente &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ed &lt;/ins&gt;efficace &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel raggiungimento dei risultati&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Priorité aux objectifs}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduction de la notion de « controlling » et passer du système légaliste à &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;système orienté résultat &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Le esigenze dell'utente prima di tutto&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;per soddisfare le esigenze dell'utente e &lt;/ins&gt;non &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;quelle dell'amministrazione&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questa è l'introduzione della nozione di &amp;quot;beneficio&amp;quot; per gli utenti&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Et si l’on s’intéressait &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;peu aux résultats}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduction de la notion de « &lt;/del&gt;performance &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;» et du « rendement »&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’administration publique doit devenir performante&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;être aussi &lt;/del&gt;efficiente &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;et &lt;/del&gt;efficace &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;que possible dans l’atteinte des résultats &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Guadagnare denaro e non solo spenderlo&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduzione della nozione di &amp;quot;profitto&amp;quot; nel settore pubblico&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ma anche del concetto di &amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;value for money&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Les besoins de l’usager d’abord}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;répondre aux besoins de l’usager et &lt;/del&gt;non &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;de l’administration&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C’est l’introduction de la notion de « bénéfice » pour les usagers &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Prevenire è meglio che curare&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduzione del concetto di &amp;quot;anticipazione&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Gagner de l’argent et pas seulement en dépenser}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduction de la notion de « bénéfice » dans le secteur public&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais aussi du concept de « &lt;/del&gt;value for money &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;» &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Meno gerarchia&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;più partecipazione&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduzione di una nuova piramide gerarchica&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;così come il concetto di &amp;quot;inclusione degli utenti&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'utente deve essere uno stakeholder della pubblica amministrazione&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Prévenir vaut mieux que guérir}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduction de la notion d’« anticipation » &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Lo Stato al servizio del mercato&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il mercato al servizio dello Stato&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduzione di un nuovo partenariato pubblico&lt;/ins&gt;-&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;privato&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'idea è di &lt;/ins&gt;dire &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che lo Stato e il mercato devono lavorare in partenariato. Ciò equivale a riorientare &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;missioni dello Stato sugli utenti e sulla qualità dei servizi e dei servizi forniti&lt;/ins&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|Moins de hiérarchie&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;plus de participation}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduction d’une nouvelle pyramide hiérarchique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ainsi que du concept d’« inclusion des usagers »&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’usager doit être partie prenante de l’administration publique &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;Un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nuovo modello di governo&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;: &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;riorientare le missioni dello Stato&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|L’État au secours du marché&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le marché au service de l’État}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;introduction d’un nouveau partenariat public&lt;/del&gt;-&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;privé&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’idée est de &lt;/del&gt;dire &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;que l’État et le marché devraient travailler dans &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cadre d’un partenariat. Cela équivaut à recentrer les missions de l’État sur les usagers et la qualité des prestations et des services fournis &lt;/del&gt;;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;{{citation|&lt;/del&gt;Un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nouveau modèle de gouvernement}} &lt;/del&gt;: &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;recentrage des missions de l’État&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;== Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique ==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38377&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Perché riformare il &quot;modello burocratico&quot;? */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38377&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T18:58:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Perché riformare il &amp;quot;modello burocratico&amp;quot;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 20:58&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l42&quot;&gt;Ligne 42 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 42 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A causa di questi elementi, del fatto che ognuno cerca di perseguire i propri interessi, c'è una divergenza di interessi, un conflitto tra burocrati che perseguiranno sempre i propri interessi e rappresentanti del potere politico che hanno in mente il bene comune e l'interesse generale. Il risultato che si può osservare è che avremo una sovrapproduzione di beni e servizi burocratici in quanto avranno budget aggiuntivi, produrranno più beni, aumenteranno la qualità, portando a un eccesso di costi, un problema di efficienza, una sovrapproduzione e una sovrapproduzione e una qualità attraverso beni, prodotti o servizi che sono di qualità superiore a quella di cui avremmo bisogno. C'è un ingrandimento della massa di merci, un ingrandimento in termini di produzione e qualità che sarebbe eccessivo rispetto a quanto realmente necessario. I sostenitori della scelta pubblica dicono che possiamo parlare di rendite quando parliamo di questi comportamenti. I capiservizio avrebbero un affitto che risulterebbe da un monopolio sulla fornitura di beni e servizi pubblici. Poiché esiste una situazione di monopolio, non vi sono concorrenti e, qualunque cosa accada, non vi è il rischio di perdere la fornitura del servizio. Il governo produrrà beni ad un costo molto più alto di quanto il mercato potrebbe fare. Lo Stato non è spinto a razionalizzare e ottimizzare. Si tratta di un sistema in cui gli affitti provenienti dalla situazione di monopolio dello Stato saranno appropriati.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;A causa di questi elementi, del fatto che ognuno cerca di perseguire i propri interessi, c'è una divergenza di interessi, un conflitto tra burocrati che perseguiranno sempre i propri interessi e rappresentanti del potere politico che hanno in mente il bene comune e l'interesse generale. Il risultato che si può osservare è che avremo una sovrapproduzione di beni e servizi burocratici in quanto avranno budget aggiuntivi, produrranno più beni, aumenteranno la qualità, portando a un eccesso di costi, un problema di efficienza, una sovrapproduzione e una sovrapproduzione e una qualità attraverso beni, prodotti o servizi che sono di qualità superiore a quella di cui avremmo bisogno. C'è un ingrandimento della massa di merci, un ingrandimento in termini di produzione e qualità che sarebbe eccessivo rispetto a quanto realmente necessario. I sostenitori della scelta pubblica dicono che possiamo parlare di rendite quando parliamo di questi comportamenti. I capiservizio avrebbero un affitto che risulterebbe da un monopolio sulla fornitura di beni e servizi pubblici. Poiché esiste una situazione di monopolio, non vi sono concorrenti e, qualunque cosa accada, non vi è il rischio di perdere la fornitura del servizio. Il governo produrrà beni ad un costo molto più alto di quanto il mercato potrebbe fare. Lo Stato non è spinto a razionalizzare e ottimizzare. Si tratta di un sistema in cui gli affitti provenienti dalla situazione di monopolio dello Stato saranno appropriati.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le public choice propose de réduire la taille de l’État&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;d’autre part&lt;/del&gt;, si &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l’État produit trop, c’est parce qu’il est en situation de monopole&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;alors il faut sortir du monopole de l’État en ouvrant l’État aux pratiques du marché&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il y a une idée de subordination de l’État au marché qui doit se mettre en place sous deux formes &lt;/del&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La scelta pubblica propone di ridurre le dimensioni dello Stato, d'altra parte&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;se lo Stato produce troppo&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è perché &lt;/ins&gt;si &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trova in una situazione di monopolio&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;allora è necessario uscire dal monopolio statale aprendo lo Stato alle pratiche di mercato&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C'è un'idea di subordinazione dello Stato al mercato che deve essere attuata in due forme&lt;/ins&gt;:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;subordination interne&lt;/del&gt;''' : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l’État lui-même&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;à l’intérieur doit fonctionner de la même façon que &lt;/del&gt;si &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c’était &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;marché avec notamment &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;transparence des fonds ou encore de la comptabilité analytique&lt;/del&gt;. Il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut subordonner le fonctionnement de l’État au marché&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*'''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;subordinazione interna&lt;/ins&gt;''': &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lo Stato stesso&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;al suo interno, deve operare come se &lt;/ins&gt;si &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trattasse di &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mercato con, in particolare, &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trasparenza dei fondi o della contabilità analitica&lt;/ins&gt;. Il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;funzionamento dello Stato deve essere subordinato al mercato&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une &lt;/del&gt;'''&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;subordination externe&lt;/del&gt;''' : &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l’État doit être mis en concurrence avec des acteurs externes qui sont des acteurs de marché&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cette concurrence est vue comme étant &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;moyen d’inciter et d’améliorer l’efficience et &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualité des prestations produites au sein de l’État&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;*'''&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;subordinazione esterna&lt;/ins&gt;''': &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lo Stato deve essere messo in concorrenza con attori esterni che sono attori del mercato&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questa concorrenza è vista come &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mezzo per incoraggiare e migliorare l'efficienza e la qualità dei servizi prodotti all'interno dello Stato.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'obiettivo di queste riforme è di controbilanciare ciò che la burocrazia sta facendo e fare qualcosa di completamente diverso. La burocrazia è gerarchica ed è quindi necessario un modello di cooperazione molto più orizzontale. Laddove vi è sicurezza e stabilità del posto di lavoro, sarà necessario riconsiderare la sicurezza del posto di lavoro e ottenere un nuovo status per i dipendenti pubblici. L'idea è di dire che il funzionario non deve avere una sicurezza automatica, le prestazioni devono essere prese in considerazione. Le linee guida e le procedure devono essere applicate a tutti secondo il modello burocratico, ma dobbiamo muoverci verso un'altra forma di amministrazione pubblica che individua programmi che vanno oltre l'idea di standardizzazione per andare verso una visione molto più individualizzata delle politiche pubbliche. Si passa da un beneficiario concepito come &amp;quot;utente&amp;quot; a un beneficiario concepito come &amp;quot;cliente&amp;quot;. Dove esiste un monopolio, deve essere introdotta la concorrenza, che sono elementi che rendono impossibile per &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;pubblica amministrazione fare ciò che vuole perché paragonabile ad altri servizi&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’objectif de ces réformes est qu’il faut prendre le contrepoint de ce que fait &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bureaucratie et faire quelque chose de complètement différent&lt;/del&gt;. La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bureaucratie est hiérarchique et donc &lt;/del&gt;il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut un modèle beaucoup plus horizontal de coopération&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Là où il y a de la sécurité et de la stabilité de l’emploi&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il va falloir remettre ne cause &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sécurité de l’emploi&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;arriver à un nouveau statut des fonctionnaires&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’idée est de dire que &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fonctionnaire ne doit pas avoir une sécurité automatique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il faut prendre en compte &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;performance&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les directives et les procédures doivent être appliquées à tout le monde selon le modèle bureaucratique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais il faut aller vers une autre forme d’administration publique qui individualise les programmes sortant de l’idée de standardisation afin d’aller vers une vision beaucoup plus individualisée des politiques publiques&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;On passe d’un bénéficiaire conçu comme un « usager » à un bénéficiaire conçu comme un « client »&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Là où il y &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;du monopole&lt;/del&gt;, il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut introduire de la concurrence qui sont des éléments qui fait que l’administration publique ne peut pas faire ce qu’elle veut parce qu’elle peut être comparée à d’autres services&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A tal fine, introdurremo regole di gestione privata. Lo Stato deve essere soggetto alle stesse regole delle norme commerciali, compresa la dimostrazione della sua efficienza ed efficacia, e la responsabilità è necessaria per garantire &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;trasparenza nell'uso dei fondi&lt;/ins&gt;. La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;concorrenza deve inoltre essere introdotta in modo che l'amministrazione dimostri che è meglio di altri mantenere il privilegio di fornire &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;servizio&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Se diversi fornitori di servizi o fornitori di beni sono messi in concorrenza tra loro&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ciò consentirà di ottenere &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;migliore offerta possibile di questo bene o servizio&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in particolare in termini di costi&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Sarà introdotta una certa flessibilità nell'amministrazione pubblica, che diventerà molto meno funzionale secondo una struttura piramidale che deve essere più orizzontale e fornirà servizi personalizzati in linea con &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;esigenze delle persone. D'altro canto&lt;/ins&gt;, la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualità dei servizi deve essere migliorata&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Per i sostenitori della nuova gestione pubblica, al fine di fornire servizi di migliore qualità&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è necessario adottare regole di gestione privata e rendere più flessibile la gestione pubblica. È la combinazione di questi diversi mezzi che permetterà di ottimizzare la struttura&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;È inoltre necessario dare maggiore flessibilità e manovra agli agenti sul campo che non sono solo esecutori e responsabili delle loro azioni&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;È la trasformazione da una gestione basata su regole &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;una gestione basata sui risultati&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;come fa &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;modello burocratico. La nuova direzione pubblica non insisterà sul nostro modo di lavorare, ma sui risultati raggiunti. Le persone saranno autorizzate e, se non raggiungono i risultati, possono essere punite&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pour cela, on va introduire les règles de gestion du privé&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’État doit être soumis aux mêmes règles que les règles des entreprises notamment prouver qu’il est efficient et efficace, on demande de rendre des comptes pour assurer une transparence dans l’utilisation des fonds&lt;/del&gt;. Il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut aussi introduire de la concurrence afin que l’administration montre qu’elle est meilleure que les autres pour garder &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;privilège de la fourniture de la prestation&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Si on met en concurrence divers prestataires de services ou divers fournisseurs de biens, cela va permettre d’obtenir &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;meilleure fourniture possible de ce bien ou ce service notamment en termes de coûts&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Va être instauré de la flexibilité dans &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mode d’administration de l’administration publique devenant fonctionner beaucoup moins selon une structure pyramidale devant être plus horizontale et elle fournir des prestations personnalisées en lien avec les besoins des personnes&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;D’autre part&lt;/del&gt;, il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut améliorer la qualité des prestations. Pour les tenants de la nouvelle gestion publique, pour faire des prestations de meilleure qualité&lt;/del&gt;, il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut adopter les règles de gestion du privé et flexibiliser la gestion publique&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C’est &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conjonction de ces différents moyens qui va permettre d’optimiser la structure&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il faut aussi donner plus de manœuvre et de flexibilité aux fonctionnaires de terrain n’étant pas seulement des exécutants et responsable de leurs actions&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C’est la transformation d’un pilotage par les règles comme le fait le modèle bureaucratique à un pilotage par les résultats&lt;/del&gt;. La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nouvelle gestion publique ne va pas insister sur la manière de travailler, mais sur les résultats obtenus. Les personnes vont être responsabilisées et si elles n’atteignent pas les résultats, elles peuvent être sanctionnées&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La teoria dell'agenzia riguarda le situazioni in cui le persone sono vincolate da un contratto&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Una persona vuole esternalizzare i compiti a qualcun altro&lt;/ins&gt;. Il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;delegante è chiamato il &amp;quot;preside&amp;quot; e &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;persone che dovrebbero lavorare per il preside sono chiamate &amp;quot;agenti&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La teoria dell'agenzia si concentra sul rapporto che può esistere tra il &amp;quot;principale&amp;quot; e gli &amp;quot;agenti&amp;quot; che realizzeranno &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;missione&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C'è una forte enfasi sull'asimmetria informativa tra l'ufficiale che ha familiarità con &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;condizioni sul campo e quello principale&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'ufficiale sa molto di più sul compito che deve svolgere rispetto al preside. La questione è come garantire che l'agente svolga il suo compito nel modo più efficiente possibile&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nel modo atteso dal preponente e come controllarlo. Se ci orientiamo ai risultati e ci assicuriamo che le persone interiorizzano &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bisogno di risultati&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è l'agente stesso che diventa &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;garante del raggiungimento dei risultati&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'idea è quella di responsabilizzare le persone e garantire che sia &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;loro adesione al risultato che ne fa il risultato dei servizi richiesti&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Si tratta di motivazioni estrinseche&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo non si basa sul contenuto del lavoro, ma sui benefici&lt;/ins&gt;. La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nuova direzione pubblica cerca di affrontare questo problema attraverso una politica di possibili risultati e sanzioni finanziarie&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La théorie de l’agence concerne des situations dans lesquelles des personnes sont liées par un contrat. Une personne veut sous-traiter à quelqu’un d’autre des tâches à réaliser. Celui qui délègue est appelé le « principal, » et les personnes censées travailler au service du principal sont les « agents ». La théorie de l’agence s’intéresse à la relation qu’il peut y avoir entre le « principal » et les «agents » qui vont accomplir la mission. On met l’accent très fort sur l’asymétrie de l’information entre l’agent qui est connaît les conditions de terrain et le principal. L’agent en sait beaucoup plus sur la tâche qu’il doit accomplir que le principal. La question est de savoir comment faire en sorte que l’agent accomplisse sa tâche de la manière la plus efficiente possible, de la manière attendue par le principal et comment contrôler&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Si on pilote par les résultats et que l’on fait en sorte que les personnes intériorisent la nécessité des résultats, c’est l’agent lui-même qui devient le garant de l’accomplissement des résultats. L’idée est de responsabiliser les personnes et de faire en sorte que ce soit leur adhésion au résultat qui fait qu’il devient le résultat des prestations demandées. Cela renvoie aux motivations extrinsèques. Cela ne repose pas sur le contenu du travail, mais sur les avantages. La nouvelle gestion publique tente de répondre à ce problème par le politique des résultats et des sanctions financières possibles.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questi obiettivi attraversano lo spettro politico&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Molto spesso&lt;/ins&gt;, la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nuova gestione pubblica compie i maggiori progressi quando i partiti di &amp;quot;sinistra&amp;quot; sono al potere&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Quando i partiti di &amp;quot;destra&amp;quot; sono al potere&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;è una visione molto più &lt;/ins&gt;radicale &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che si oppone ai partiti di sinistra che sostengono questa opposizione&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo non è sistematico&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ma sono configurazioni che si trovano frequentemente&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il modello burocratico è per certi aspetti inefficiente&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il modello &amp;quot;di sinistra&amp;quot; propone una razionalizzazione&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo è più &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;modello di mantenimento dei servizi pubblici che un modello di drastiche riduzioni delle dimensioni dello Stato&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ces objectifs traversent le spectre politique. Très souvent&lt;/del&gt;, la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nouvelle gestion publique fait le plus de progrès lorsque ce sont des partis de « gauche » qui sont au pouvoir&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Lorsque les partis de «droite» sont au pouvoir&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c’est une vision beaucoup plus &lt;/del&gt;radicale &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;soulevant des oppositions avec des partis de gauche qui soutiennent cette opposition&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela n’est pas systématique&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;mais ce sont des configurations que l’on trouve fréquemment&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le modèle bureaucratique est inefficient par certains aspects&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le modèle de « gauche » propose une rationalisation&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela est plus &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;modèle de maintien de services publics qu’un modèle de réductions drastiques de la taille de l’État&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique : un aperçu =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= Principes et outils de la nouvelle gestion publique : un aperçu =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38376&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Arthur : /* Pourquoi réformer le « modèle bureaucratique » ? */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://baripedia.org/index.php?title=Il_nuovo_management_pubblico&amp;diff=38376&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2019-01-07T18:57:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Pourquoi réformer le « modèle bureaucratique » ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Version précédente&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Version du 7 janvier 2019 à 20:57&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l31&quot;&gt;Ligne 31 :&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Ligne 31 :&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;}}&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pourquoi réformer le « modèle bureaucratique » &lt;/del&gt;? =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;= &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Perché riformare il &amp;quot;modello burocratico&amp;quot;&lt;/ins&gt;? =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Secondo Max Weber, la burocrazia è la forma più alta di organizzazione. La neutralità politica è la separazione politica e amministrativa. L'amministrazione deve essere al servizio del governo e quindi apolitica, altrimenti non sarà in grado di funzionare correttamente. Per Weber, i compiti sono predeterminati da testi noti a tutti, come le leggi, esiste una gerarchia di funzioni per assicurare il controllo a tutti i livelli, le regole e le decisioni devono garantire la parità di trattamento. Anche i burocrati devono essere competenti e politicamente neutrali. La sicurezza del lavoro è considerata da Weber una garanzia dello spirito di servizio pubblico.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Selon Max &lt;/del&gt;Weber, la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bureaucratie est &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;forme d’organisation supérieure&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La neutralité politique est la séparation politique et administrative&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’administration doit être au service du gouvernement et donc apolitique sinon cela ne va pas pouvoir fonctionner correctement&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Pour &lt;/del&gt;Weber, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les tâches sont prédéterminées par des textes connus de tous comme&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;par exemple&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les lois&lt;/del&gt;, il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;y &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une hiérarchisation des fonctions pour assurer &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;contrôle à tous les niveaux&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;les règles et les décisions sont pour assurer l’égalité de traitement&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les bureaucrates doivent aussi faire preuve de compétence et de neutralité politique&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La sécurité de l’emploi est considérée par Weber comme garant de l‘esprit de service public&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il nuovo management pubblico critica il modello di &lt;/ins&gt;Weber &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;perché è un modello molto rigido&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;irrealistico, soprattutto per quanto riguarda le necessarie lacune tra il lavoro prescritto e il lavoro reale e poco adattabile. Questa è &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;lacuna che Crozier e Friedberg avevano già mostrato con &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;teoria del circolo vizioso&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Per Crozier, per ogni nuova situazione, ci sarà una nuova regola e quindi un'inflazione di regole, procedure, ma anche di servizi, autorità e dipartimenti che cercheranno di attuare queste regole e procedure in modo che l'amministrazione si estenda, il che ne fa un modello economicamente inefficiente. Una critica si basa sulla nozione di motivazione che si riferisce alla gestione delle risorse umane e a Mayo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Si tratta di un lavoro monotono, che richiede poca creatività e deve eseguire delle specifiche&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'altra critica deriva dalla nozione di stabilità e sicurezza del lavoro che è in contrasto con quanto dice &lt;/ins&gt;Weber, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;poiché la stabilità del lavoro non è una fonte di manipolazione, ma una fonte di &amp;quot;slittamento&amp;quot;. Se il funzionario pubblico sa che, indipendentemente dalle sue prestazioni&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;manterrà il suo lavoro&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;farà ben poco per aumentare il suo lavoro o la sua retribuzione. Questo argomento riguarda l'aspetto estrinseco del design&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cioè non è &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;contenuto dell'opera &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;motivare, ma i benefici. Per garantire che &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;persone siano motivate&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la qualità del loro lavoro deve andare a vantaggio della qualità del loro lavoro&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questo era più in termini di &amp;quot;bastone&amp;quot;, cioè di penalità, che di motivazione&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C'è l'idea di mettere le persone a rischio di perdita del posto di lavoro se non si raggiunge la performance&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;La &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nouvelle gestion publique critique le modèle de Weber&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;car c’est &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;modèle très rigide, peu réaliste notamment ce qui concerne les écarts nécessaires entre le travail prescrit et le travail réel et peu adaptable&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C’est le décalage que Crozier et Friedberg avaient déjà montré avec la théorie des cercles vicieux. Pour Crozier, pour chaque nouvelle situation, il va y avoir une nouvelle règle et donc une inflation des règles&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des procédures, mais aussi des services, des instances et des départements qui vont essayer de mettre en œuvre ces règles et procédures faisant que l’administration va devenir tentaculaire, ce qui en fait un modèle inefficient sur le plan économique&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Une critique se base sur la notion de motivation renvoyant à la gestion des ressources humaines et à Mayo&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C’est un travail qui est monotone, faisant peu appel à la créativité et devant exécuter un cahier des charges&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’autre critique découle de la notion de stabilité et de sécurité de l’emploi allant à l’encontre de ce que dit Weber&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;la stabilité de l’emploi n’étant pas une source de manipulation, mais une source de « pantouflage ». Si le fonctionnaire sait que, quelle que soit sa performance&lt;/del&gt;, il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;va garder son emploi&lt;/del&gt;, il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ferrait peu pour augmenter son emploi ou son salaire. Cet argument porte sur l’aspect extrinsèque de la conception, c’est-à-dire que ce n’est pas le contenu du travail qui motive, mais les avantages. Pour être sûr que les gens soient motivés, &lt;/del&gt;il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;faut des avantages attachés à la qualité de leur travail&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Cela fut plus en termes de « stick », à savoir de pénalisation&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;que de motivation. Il y a l’idée de mettre en danger les gens avec le risque de perte d’emploi si les performances ne sont pas atteintes&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le teorie della scelta pubblica è particolarmente legata alla teoria dell'agenzia. &lt;/ins&gt;La &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;teoria della scelta pubblica ha un punto di partenza&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;vale a dire che tutti cercheranno di cercare &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;beneficio unico&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C'è l'idea di razionalità economica&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;che è molto forte&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La premessa è che ognuno cercherà di perseguire i propri interessi e gli interessi comuni&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'agente di servizio si comporterà allo stesso modo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ciò significa che ogni funzionario&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ogni capo dipartimento avrà in mente di massimizzare il suo interesse&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;di cercare di avere il maggior numero possibile di budget per &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;suo servizio&lt;/ins&gt;, il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;maggior numero di servizi da fornire o &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;maggior prestigio possibile&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Di conseguenza&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l'amministrazione pubblica sta diventando molto più grande&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les théories du public choice est notamment en lien avec &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;théorie de l’agence&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;La théorie du public choice a un postulat de départ qui est de dire que tout &lt;/del&gt;le &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;monde va essayer de rechercher &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;avantage qui est propre. Il y &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l’idée de rationalité économique qui est très forte&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Le postulat est que toute personne va chercher à poursuivre ses intérêts propres que des intérêts communs&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’agent de service va se comporter de &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;même façon. Cela signifie que tout fonctionnaire, tout chef de service va avoir en tête de maximiser son intérêt, tenter d’avoir le plus de budgets possible pour son service, le plus de prestation à délivrer ou encore le plus de prestige possible&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Dès lors&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;l’administration publique devient beaucoup plus volumineuse&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ciò che porterà al successo è l'elemento di asimmetria informativa. Le persone che detengono le informazioni possono presentare &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;situazione di questo servizio in modo tale che l'aumento di bilancio diventa indiscutibile&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Questa asimmetria di informazioni può essere utilizzata per determinare aumenti di bilancio o di personale. Quelli di cui sopra non conoscono &lt;/ins&gt;le &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;esigenze del servizio perché sono ad &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;livello superiore &lt;/ins&gt;a &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;quelli direttamente collegati agli utenti e devono fidarsi delle informazioni fornite da persone vicine al campo&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I capi dipartimento hanno anche la possibilità di utilizzare il potere di intermediazione, cioè di cercare di creare coalizioni parlamentari per difendere gli aumenti di bilancio di un dipartimento&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L'elemento che è &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;capacità di creare coalizioni di interesse o coalizioni di intermediazione sarà in grado di difendere l'aumento del bilancio&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Secondo i sostenitori della scelta pubblica&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;questo è inevitabile&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Ce qui va permettre d’avoir du succès est l’élément d’asymétrie de l’information. Les personnes qui détiennent l’information peuvent présenter la situation de ce service d’une manière telle que l’augmentation de budget devient indiscutable. Cette asymétrie d’information peut être utilisée pour faire passer des augmentations de budget ou encore de personnel. Ceux au-dessus ne connaissent pas les besoins du service parce qu’étant à un échelon supérieur à celui directement en lien avec les usagers et ils doivent faire confiance aux informations transmises par les personnes proches du terrain. Les chefs de service ont aussi la possibilité de faire jouer le pouvoir d’intermédiation&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;c’est-à-dire d’essayer de créer des coalitions parlementaires pour défendre des augmentations de budget concernant &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;service&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’élément qui est la capacité de créer des coalitions d’intérêts ou des coalitions d’intermédiations va pouvoir permettre de défendre l’augmentation du &lt;/del&gt;budget&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. Selon les tenants du public choice&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;cela est une fatalité.&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A causa di questi elementi, del fatto che ognuno cerca di perseguire i propri interessi, c'è una divergenza di interessi&lt;/ins&gt;, un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;conflitto tra burocrati che perseguiranno sempre i propri interessi e rappresentanti del potere politico che hanno in mente il bene comune e l'interesse generale&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il risultato che si può osservare è che avremo una sovrapproduzione di beni e servizi burocratici in quanto avranno &lt;/ins&gt;budget &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;aggiuntivi&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;produrranno più beni&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;aumenteranno &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualità&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;portando &lt;/ins&gt;a un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;eccesso di costi&lt;/ins&gt;, un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;problema di efficienza&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;una sovrapproduzione e una sovrapproduzione e una qualità attraverso beni&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;prodotti o servizi che sono di qualità superiore a quella di cui avremmo bisogno&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C'è &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ingrandimento della massa di merci&lt;/ins&gt;, un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;ingrandimento in termini di produzione e qualità che sarebbe eccessivo rispetto a quanto realmente necessario&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I sostenitori della scelta pubblica dicono che possiamo parlare di rendite quando parliamo di questi comportamenti&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;I capiservizio avrebbero &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;affitto che risulterebbe da un monopolio sulla fornitura di beni e servizi pubblici&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Poiché esiste una situazione di monopolio, non vi sono concorrenti e&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;qualunque cosa accada&lt;/ins&gt;, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;non vi è &lt;/ins&gt;il &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;rischio di perdere &lt;/ins&gt;la &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fornitura del servizio&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il governo produrrà beni ad &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;costo molto più alto di quanto il mercato potrebbe fare&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Lo Stato non è spinto a razionalizzare e ottimizzare&lt;/ins&gt;. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Si tratta di &lt;/ins&gt;un &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;sistema in cui gli affitti provenienti dalla situazione di monopolio dello Stato saranno appropriati&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;De par ces éléments&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;le fait que chacun cherche &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;poursuite de son propre intérêt&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il y &lt;/del&gt;a &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une divergence d’intérêts, un conflit entre les bureaucrates qui vont toujours viser leur intérêt propre et les représentants du pouvoir politique qui ont en tête le bien commun et l’intérêt général. Le résultat qui peut être observé est qu’on va avoir une surproduction de biens et de services bureaucratiques puisqu’ils vont avoir des budgets supplémentaires, produire plus de biens, augmenter la qualité, menant à &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;surcoût&lt;/del&gt;, un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;problème d’efficience&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;une surproduction et une sur- qualité à travers des biens&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;des produits ou des prestations qui sont d’une qualité supérieure à ce dont on aurait besoin&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Il y a &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;grossissement de la masse de biens&lt;/del&gt;, un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;grossissement en termes de production et de qualité qui serait excessif par rapport à ce qui serait véritablement nécessaire&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les tenants du public choice disent qu’on peut parler de rente lorsqu’on évoque ces comportements&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Les chefs de service auraient une rente qui découlerait sur &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;monopole de la fourniture des biens et des services publics&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Comme il y a une situation de monopole&lt;/del&gt;, &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;il n’y a pas de concurrents et quoiqu’il arrive&lt;/del&gt;, il &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;n’y a pas de risque de perdre &lt;/del&gt;la &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fourniture du service&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’État va produire des biens à &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;coût beaucoup plus élevé que ce que pourrait faire le marché&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;L’État n’est pas poussé à rationnaliser et optimiser&lt;/del&gt;. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;C’est &lt;/del&gt;un &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;système où on va s’approprier des rentes qui viennent du fait de la situation de monopole de l‘État&lt;/del&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Le public choice propose de réduire la taille de l’État, d’autre part, si l’État produit trop, c’est parce qu’il est en situation de monopole, alors il faut sortir du monopole de l’État en ouvrant l’État aux pratiques du marché. Il y a une idée de subordination de l’État au marché qui doit se mettre en place sous deux formes :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Le public choice propose de réduire la taille de l’État, d’autre part, si l’État produit trop, c’est parce qu’il est en situation de monopole, alors il faut sortir du monopole de l’État en ouvrant l’État aux pratiques du marché. Il y a une idée de subordination de l’État au marché qui doit se mettre en place sous deux formes :&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Arthur</name></author>
	</entry>
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