From Exceptionalism to American Universalism - Historique des versions

Arthur le 12 mai 2023 à 09:25

2023-05-12T09:25:59Z

← Version précédente		Version du 12 mai 2023 à 11:25
Ligne 13 :		Ligne 13 :
	* [[Foreign policy actors]]		* [[Foreign policy actors]]
	* [[Empire of Freedom or Imperial Republic (1890 - 1939)?]]		* [[Empire of Freedom or Imperial Republic (1890 - 1939)?]]
	* [[The economy: a global New Deal?]]* [[The pursuit of a world order]]		* [[The economy: a global New Deal?]]
			* [[The pursuit of a world order]]
			* [[Democracy as a justification for US interventions abroad]]
	* [[The Americanization of the World: Myth or Reality?]]		* [[The Americanization of the World: Myth or Reality?]]
	}}		}}

Arthur le 11 novembre 2021 à 20:32

2021-11-11T20:32:57Z

← Version précédente		Version du 11 novembre 2021 à 22:32
Ligne 61 :		Ligne 61 :
	When one analyzes American exceptionalism there is also an intimate relationship to modernity which is important to understand which is structural from the outset becoming very important in foreign policy in the twentieth century and present from the seventeenth century. What will become the United States is being conceived and perceived by Europeans as a laboratory of modernity.		When one analyzes American exceptionalism there is also an intimate relationship to modernity which is important to understand which is structural from the outset becoming very important in foreign policy in the twentieth century and present from the seventeenth century. What will become the United States is being conceived and perceived by Europeans as a laboratory of modernity.

	Religious freedom is absolutely fundamental. Those who emigrate to the United States are multi-religious people and dissidents. In the United States there are people with very different religious beliefs. The only way that the future "Americans" have in order to continue living together is not to impose a state religion. The first to do so was Pennsylvania in 1684, which was the first state to introduce religious tolerance as a principle. Many philosophers of the Enlightenment will see the United States as a laboratory of freedom because the idea of religious freedom and tolerance is an innovative initiative that will structure the thought of the Enlightenment in Europe.		Religious freedom is absolutely fundamental. Those who emigrate to the United States are multi-religious people and dissidents. In the United States, there are people with very different religious beliefs. The only way that the future "Americans" have in order to continue living together is not to impose a state religion. The first to do so was Pennsylvania in 1684, which was the first state to introduce religious tolerance as a principle. Many philosophers of the Enlightenment will see the United States as a laboratory of freedom because the idea of religious freedom and tolerance is an innovative initiative that will structure the thought of the Enlightenment in Europe.

	[[File:Rexall train 1936.JPG\|thumb\|Postcard photo of the Rexall Train.]]		[[File:Rexall train 1936.JPG\|thumb\|Postcard photo of the Rexall Train.]]

Arthur le 18 juin 2021 à 10:26

2021-06-18T10:26:36Z

← Version précédente		Version du 18 juin 2021 à 12:26
Ligne 174 :		Ligne 174 :
	The isolationist idea was gradually defeated from the beginning of the 20th century onwards because gradually Roosevelt became involved in European crises and American intervention in the First World War was a step forward in breaking with isolationism. If the United States rejects the League of Nations, this does not prevent it from being involved in European affairs, especially financial affairs. The Second World War was a massive intervention alongside the allies with military and economic potential invested in this conflict. During the Cold War there was a blatant break with the isolationist principle. When we look at the enormous system of alliances set up by the United States during the Cold War, it shows that the United States is gradually breaking away from the isolationist element with an increasingly strong interventionist element.		The isolationist idea was gradually defeated from the beginning of the 20th century onwards because gradually Roosevelt became involved in European crises and American intervention in the First World War was a step forward in breaking with isolationism. If the United States rejects the League of Nations, this does not prevent it from being involved in European affairs, especially financial affairs. The Second World War was a massive intervention alongside the allies with military and economic potential invested in this conflict. During the Cold War there was a blatant break with the isolationist principle. When we look at the enormous system of alliances set up by the United States during the Cold War, it shows that the United States is gradually breaking away from the isolationist element with an increasingly strong interventionist element.

	The isolationist dimension does not disappear altogether. Since the 1900s, an isolationist trend has been returning. The First ~~Golf~~ War marked the continuation of the interventionist dimension, but then there was a return to an isolationist policy. The minimal intervention in Yugoslavia, the gradual disengagement of the United States from most UN peacekeeping operations from 1994 onwards, shows a gradual return to isolationism. However, both trends are still present but periods of time will change the balance without a trend disappearing.		The isolationist dimension does not disappear altogether. Since the 1900s, an isolationist trend has been returning. The First Gulf War marked the continuation of the interventionist dimension, but then there was a return to an isolationist policy. The minimal intervention in Yugoslavia, the gradual disengagement of the United States from most UN peacekeeping operations from 1994 onwards, shows a gradual return to isolationism. However, both trends are still present but periods of time will change the balance without a trend disappearing.

	== Between idealism and realism ==		== Between idealism and realism ==

Arthur : /* A chosen people: the "Manifest destiny" */

2021-01-08T14:23:45Z

A chosen people: the "Manifest destiny"

← Version précédente		Version du 8 janvier 2021 à 16:23
Ligne 70 :		Ligne 70 :

	== A chosen people: the "Manifest destiny" ==		== A chosen people: the "Manifest destiny" ==
			{{Article détaillé\|From empire to federation: the American case}}

	[[Image:American progress.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|This work, painted around 1872 by John Gast entitled American Progress, is an allegorical representation of "Manifest Destiny". In this scene, an angelic woman (sometimes identified as Columbia, the personification of the United States in the 19th century, carries the light of "civilization" to the west with the American settlers, wiring the telegraph in her furrow. Native Americans and wildlife flee to the darkness of the wild west.]]		[[Image:American progress.JPG\|thumb\|300px\|This work, painted around 1872 by John Gast entitled American Progress, is an allegorical representation of "Manifest Destiny". In this scene, an angelic woman (sometimes identified as Columbia, the personification of the United States in the 19th century, carries the light of "civilization" to the west with the American settlers, wiring the telegraph in her furrow. Native Americans and wildlife flee to the darkness of the wild west.]]

Arthur le 7 janvier 2021 à 13:00

2021-01-07T13:00:41Z

← Version précédente		Version du 7 janvier 2021 à 15:00
Ligne 30 :		Ligne 30 :
	\| fr = De l’exceptionnalisme à l’universalisme américain		\| fr = De l’exceptionnalisme à l’universalisme américain
	\| es = Del excepcionalismo al universalismo americano		\| es = Del excepcionalismo al universalismo americano
			\| it = Dall'Eccezionalismo all'Universalismo americano
	}}		}}

Arthur : /* References */

2018-02-11T20:34:50Z

References

← Version précédente		Version du 11 février 2018 à 22:34
Ligne 195 :		Ligne 195 :

	[[Category:Ludovic Tournès]]		[[Category:Ludovic Tournès]]
	[[Category:~~histoire~~]]		[[Category:history]]
	[[Category:relations ~~internationales~~]]		[[Category:international relations]]
	[[Category:~~Histoire des États-Unis~~]]		[[Category:History of the United States]]
			[[Category:English]]
	[[Category:2012]]		[[Category:2012]]
	[[Category:2013]]		[[Category:2013]]
	[[Category:2014]]		[[Category:2014]]
	~~[[Category:English]]~~

Arthur le 11 février 2018 à 20:30

2018-02-11T20:30:50Z

← Version précédente		Version du 11 février 2018 à 22:30
Ligne 26 :		Ligne 26 :

	We will first focus on the notion of exceptionalism, and then on the crystallization of universalism, where this notion of universalism becomes preponderant in American foreign policy, especially as the weight of the United States will increase in international relations. Universalism will no longer only be a discourse disconnected from reality, but a reality with the growing weight of the United States in international relations and finally the dilemma of American foreign policy.		We will first focus on the notion of exceptionalism, and then on the crystallization of universalism, where this notion of universalism becomes preponderant in American foreign policy, especially as the weight of the United States will increase in international relations. Universalism will no longer only be a discourse disconnected from reality, but a reality with the growing weight of the United States in international relations and finally the dilemma of American foreign policy.

			{{Translations
			\| fr = De l’exceptionnalisme à l’universalisme américain
			\| es = Del excepcionalismo al universalismo americano
			}}

	= Components of exceptionalism =		= Components of exceptionalism =

Arthur le 11 février 2018 à 19:28

2018-02-11T19:28:30Z

← Version précédente		Version du 11 février 2018 à 21:28
Ligne 5 :		Ligne 5 :
	\| faculté = [[Lettres]]		\| faculté = [[Lettres]]
	\| département = [[Département d’histoire générale]]		\| département = [[Département d’histoire générale]]
	\| professeurs = [[Ludovic Tournès]]		\| professeurs = [[Ludovic Tournès]]<ref>[https://www.unige.ch/lettres/istge/unites/hco/enseignants-chercheurs/tournes/ Page personnelle de Ludovic Tournès sur le site de l'Université de Genève]</ref><ref>[https://www.cairn.info/publications-de-Tourn%C3%A8s-Ludovic--5840.htm Publications de Ludovic Tournès \| Cairn.info]</ref><ref>[http://sirice.eu/membre/ludovic-tournes CV de Ludovic Tournès sur le site de l'Université de la Sorbonne]</ref>
	\| enregistrement =		\| enregistrement =
	\| lectures =		\| lectures =

Simon le 7 février 2018 à 21:30

2018-02-07T21:30:51Z

← Version précédente		Version du 7 février 2018 à 23:30
Ligne 7 :		Ligne 7 :
	\| professeurs = [[Ludovic Tournès]]		\| professeurs = [[Ludovic Tournès]]
	\| enregistrement =		\| enregistrement =
	\| lectures = [[Introduction to the course The United States and the World]] ~~<br />~~ [[The conquest of the territory]] ~~<br />~~ [[From Exceptionalism to American Universalism]] ~~<br />~~ [[Foreign policy actors]] ~~<br />~~ [[Empire of Freedom or Imperial Republic (1890 - 1939)?]] ~~<br />~~ [[The economy: a global New Deal?]] ~~<br />~~ [[The pursuit of a world order]] ~~<br />~~ [[The Americanization of the World: Myth or Reality?]]		\| lectures =
			* [[Introduction to the course The United States and the World]]
			* [[The conquest of the territory]]
			* [[From Exceptionalism to American Universalism]]
			* [[Foreign policy actors]]
			* [[Empire of Freedom or Imperial Republic (1890 - 1939)?]]
			* [[The economy: a global New Deal?]]* [[The pursuit of a world order]]
			* [[The Americanization of the World: Myth or Reality?]]
	}}		}}

Simon le 7 février 2018 à 21:19

2018-02-07T21:19:19Z

← Version précédente		Version du 7 février 2018 à 23:19
Ligne 1 :		Ligne 1 :
			{{Infobox Lecture
			\| image = Constitution-Print-C10314518.jpeg
			\| image_caption = We, the People…
			\| cours = [[The United States and the World]]
			\| faculté = [[Lettres]]
			\| département = [[Département d’histoire générale]]
			\| professeurs = [[Ludovic Tournès]]
			\| enregistrement =
			\| lectures = [[Introduction to the course The United States and the World]] <br /> [[The conquest of the territory]] <br /> [[From Exceptionalism to American Universalism]] <br /> [[Foreign policy actors]] <br /> [[Empire of Freedom or Imperial Republic (1890 - 1939)?]] <br /> [[The economy: a global New Deal?]] <br /> [[The pursuit of a world order]] <br /> [[The Americanization of the World: Myth or Reality?]]
			}}

	We are going to look at a number of structural issues and problems relating to American foreign policy in the long term. We have to look at the long term; we will see how this foreign policy is structured, according to what guidelines, how the relationship with the world of the United States was built up gradually from the middle of the 19th century to the present day, and what has existed since the beginning of American history.		We are going to look at a number of structural issues and problems relating to American foreign policy in the long term. We have to look at the long term; we will see how this foreign policy is structured, according to what guidelines, how the relationship with the world of the United States was built up gradually from the middle of the 19th century to the present day, and what has existed since the beginning of American history.

	~~[[Fichier:Constitution-Print-C10314518.jpeg\|thumb\|''We, the People''…]]~~

	Exceptionalism is the idea that there is an American exception that the United States is a particular country with a particular destiny. This is not very original, but it is particularly strong in the United States and important considering the importance of the United States in world geopolitics and world order during the 20th century.		Exceptionalism is the idea that there is an American exception that the United States is a particular country with a particular destiny. This is not very original, but it is particularly strong in the United States and important considering the importance of the United States in world geopolitics and world order during the 20th century.
Ligne 171 :		Ligne 180 :

	= References =		= References =
	<references/>		<references />

	[[Category:Ludovic Tournès]]		[[Category:Ludovic Tournès]]