Foreign policy actors - Historique des versions

Arthur le 12 mai 2023 à 09:26

2023-05-12T09:26:08Z

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	* [[Foreign policy actors]]		* [[Foreign policy actors]]
	* [[Empire of Freedom or Imperial Republic (1890 - 1939)?]]		* [[Empire of Freedom or Imperial Republic (1890 - 1939)?]]
	* [[The economy: a global New Deal?]]* [[The pursuit of a world order]]		* [[The economy: a global New Deal?]]
			* [[The pursuit of a world order]]
			* [[Democracy as a justification for US interventions abroad]]
	* [[The Americanization of the World: Myth or Reality?]]		* [[The Americanization of the World: Myth or Reality?]]
	}}		}}

Arthur le 18 juin 2021 à 10:25

2021-06-18T10:25:23Z

← Version précédente		Version du 18 juin 2021 à 12:25
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	</gallery>		</gallery>

	The priority objective of the NACP is to reshape the geopolitical map of the Middle East. This is the context of the late 1990s when the ~~Golf~~ War took place, Iraq was expelled from Kuwait, and the idea is to bring democracy by force if necessary but also end the ~~first Golf~~ War by bringing down Saddam Hussein. This program will be set up under the Bush administration, and these personalities will become the driving force behind the implementation of this program set up by the NACP. With the return to power of a certain number of people, the theorized project within this think tank's framework becomes George Bush's political line facilitated by the September 11 terrorist attack that changed the cards in the American foreign policy that allowed the state official doctrine. The bridge is also opaque between public and private with Dick Cheney who is vice-president at the same time as he has interests in Halliburton, a company that will be awarded oil contracts in the aftermath of the Second ~~Golf~~ War.		The priority objective of the NACP is to reshape the geopolitical map of the Middle East. This is the context of the late 1990s when the Gulf War took place, Iraq was expelled from Kuwait, and the idea is to bring democracy by force if necessary but also end the First Gulf War by bringing down Saddam Hussein. This program will be set up under the Bush administration, and these personalities will become the driving force behind the implementation of this program set up by the NACP. With the return to power of a certain number of people, the theorized project within this think tank's framework becomes George Bush's political line facilitated by the September 11 terrorist attack that changed the cards in the American foreign policy that allowed the state official doctrine. The bridge is also opaque between public and private with Dick Cheney who is vice-president at the same time as he has interests in Halliburton, a company that will be awarded oil contracts in the aftermath of the Second Gulf War.

	== Institutions of Expertise: Private Actors in the Federal Administration ==		== Institutions of Expertise: Private Actors in the Federal Administration ==

Arthur : /* Second Generation */

2021-01-08T08:57:17Z

Second Generation

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	The Project for a New American Century[PNAC] created in 1997 lived until 2006. This think tank is clearly labelled and linked to the neoconservative movement of the Republican Party. Its objective is to promote comprehensive American leadership from a political and military standpoint to reinvent its leadership in the context of a new world order. The founders of this think tank are well-known people like Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and Paul Wolfowit. This project brings together politicians as well as academics like Robert Kagan and publicists like William Kristol.		The Project for a New American Century[PNAC] created in 1997 lived until 2006. This think tank is clearly labelled and linked to the neoconservative movement of the Republican Party. Its objective is to promote comprehensive American leadership from a political and military standpoint to reinvent its leadership in the context of a new world order. The founders of this think tank are well-known people like Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld and Paul Wolfowit. This project brings together politicians as well as academics like Robert Kagan and publicists like William Kristol.

	<gallery>		<gallery mode="packed" widths=200px heights=200px>
	Fichier:450px-46 Dick Cheney 3x4.jpg\|Portrait of Dick Cheney.		Fichier:450px-46 Dick Cheney 3x4.jpg\|Portrait of Dick Cheney.
	Fichier:480px-Rumsfeld1.jpg\|Official portrait of Donald H. Rumsfeld, 2002.		Fichier:480px-Rumsfeld1.jpg\|Official portrait of Donald H. Rumsfeld, 2002.

Arthur : /* Changes in power relations */

2021-01-08T08:56:56Z

Changes in power relations

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	From the American Republic's creation to the end of the 19th century, there was a predominance of Congress in foreign policy, even though Monroe distanced himself from it in the 1804s. There is a hinge between the years 1890 and 1914 where there is a very clear shift in the balance of power marked by Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, which breaks down the rather restricted framework of presidential prerogatives. Roosevelt arrogates the mission of "the Americanization of the world..." while Wilson embodies the rise of American foreign policy by travelling in person to the Versailles Conference.		From the American Republic's creation to the end of the 19th century, there was a predominance of Congress in foreign policy, even though Monroe distanced himself from it in the 1804s. There is a hinge between the years 1890 and 1914 where there is a very clear shift in the balance of power marked by Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, which breaks down the rather restricted framework of presidential prerogatives. Roosevelt arrogates the mission of "the Americanization of the world..." while Wilson embodies the rise of American foreign policy by travelling in person to the Versailles Conference.

	<gallery>		<gallery mode="packed" widths=200px heights=200px>
	Fichier:President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904.jpg\|Theodore Roosevelt in 1904.		Fichier:President Theodore Roosevelt, 1904.jpg\|Theodore Roosevelt in 1904.
	Fichier:Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg\|Thomas Woodrow Wilson.		Fichier:Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1919.jpg\|Thomas Woodrow Wilson.
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	Beginning in the 1970s, the Senate will embark on an evaluation of federal programs, and in particular federal programs intended for the outside world. After the Second World War, the United States embarked on the implementation of global aid policies. In the 1980s, the Reagan presidency relaunched the Cold War without reference to Congress, a time when much of the initiative fell to the federal government.		Beginning in the 1970s, the Senate will embark on an evaluation of federal programs, and in particular federal programs intended for the outside world. After the Second World War, the United States embarked on the implementation of global aid policies. In the 1980s, the Reagan presidency relaunched the Cold War without reference to Congress, a time when much of the initiative fell to the federal government.

	<gallery>		<gallery mode="packed" widths=200px heights=200px>
	Fichier:George H. W. Bush, President of the United States, 1989 official portrait.jpg\|Official portrait of George H. W. Bush, 1989.		Fichier:George H. W. Bush, President of the United States, 1989 official portrait.jpg\|Official portrait of George H. W. Bush, 1989.
	Fichier:Bill Clinton.jpg\|Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States.		Fichier:Bill Clinton.jpg\|Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States.

Arthur le 8 janvier 2021 à 07:40

2021-01-08T07:40:36Z

Voir les modifications

Arthur le 7 janvier 2021 à 20:01

2021-01-07T20:01:27Z

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	\| fr = Les acteurs de la politique extérieure		\| fr = Les acteurs de la politique extérieure
	\| es = Los actores de la política exterior		\| es = Los actores de la política exterior
			\| it = Gli attori della politica estera americana
	}}		}}

2601:548:C100:D910:F944:8485:89C:3F36 le 20 juillet 2019 à 15:56

2019-07-20T15:56:19Z

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	The State Department is not the only player in American foreign policy dealing with transnational history issues. This multipolar character of American foreign policy is the permanent interaction between public and private actors who are not responsible for the diplomatic function. There is an extremely blurred border when it comes to U.S. foreign policy and the distinction between public and private because there is a permanent back-and-forth between the public and private sectors. This phenomenon is a colonization of the public sector by private actors. There is also a proliferation of public institutions whose public nature is sometimes unclear with federal agencies.		The State Department is not the only player in American foreign policy dealing with transnational history issues. This multipolar character of American foreign policy is the permanent interaction between public and private actors who are not responsible for the diplomatic function. There is an extremely blurred border when it comes to U.S. foreign policy and the distinction between public and private because there is a permanent back-and-forth between the public and private sectors. This phenomenon is a colonization of the public sector by private actors. There is also a proliferation of public institutions whose public nature is sometimes unclear with federal agencies.

	One may wonder whether or not American foreign policy is a coherent entity. Even today, the American position is difficult to determine because different actors take the floor and it is difficult to see how they agree. Foreign policy is also permanently between centralisation, i.e. coordination by the state authorities and ~~decentralisation~~ by the fact that the administration and government can be complemented or competing or contradicted by other institutions that will move in a different direction. As long as the United States has an increasingly global policy, we are witnessing a diversification of decision-making ~~centres~~.		One may wonder whether or not American foreign policy is a coherent entity. Even today, the American position is difficult to determine because different actors take the floor and it is difficult to see how they agree. Foreign policy is also permanently between centralisation, i.e. coordination by the state authorities and decentralization by the fact that the administration and government can be complemented or competing or contradicted by other institutions that will move in a different direction. As long as the United States has an increasingly global policy, we are witnessing a diversification of decision-making centers.

	{{Translations		{{Translations

Arthur : /* References */

2018-02-11T20:34:53Z

References

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	[[Category:Ludovic Tournès]]		[[Category:Ludovic Tournès]]
	[[Category:~~histoire~~]]		[[Category:history]]
	[[Category:relations ~~internationales~~]]		[[Category:international relations]]
	[[Category:~~Histoire des États-Unis~~]]		[[Category:History of the United States]]
			[[Category:English]]
	[[Category:2012]]		[[Category:2012]]
	[[Category:2013]]		[[Category:2013]]
	[[Category:2014]]		[[Category:2014]]
	~~[[Category:English]]~~

Arthur le 11 février 2018 à 20:31

2018-02-11T20:31:12Z

← Version précédente		Version du 11 février 2018 à 22:31
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	One may wonder whether or not American foreign policy is a coherent entity. Even today, the American position is difficult to determine because different actors take the floor and it is difficult to see how they agree. Foreign policy is also permanently between centralisation, i.e. coordination by the state authorities and decentralisation by the fact that the administration and government can be complemented or competing or contradicted by other institutions that will move in a different direction. As long as the United States has an increasingly global policy, we are witnessing a diversification of decision-making centres.		One may wonder whether or not American foreign policy is a coherent entity. Even today, the American position is difficult to determine because different actors take the floor and it is difficult to see how they agree. Foreign policy is also permanently between centralisation, i.e. coordination by the state authorities and decentralisation by the fact that the administration and government can be complemented or competing or contradicted by other institutions that will move in a different direction. As long as the United States has an increasingly global policy, we are witnessing a diversification of decision-making centres.

			{{Translations
			\| fr = Les acteurs de la politique extérieure
			\| es = Los actores de la política exterior
			}}

	= The President/Congress diarchy =		= The President/Congress diarchy =

Arthur le 11 février 2018 à 19:28

2018-02-11T19:28:35Z

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	\| faculté = [[Lettres]]		\| faculté = [[Lettres]]
	\| département = [[Département d’histoire générale]]		\| département = [[Département d’histoire générale]]
	\| professeurs = [[Ludovic Tournès]]		\| professeurs = [[Ludovic Tournès]]<ref>[https://www.unige.ch/lettres/istge/unites/hco/enseignants-chercheurs/tournes/ Page personnelle de Ludovic Tournès sur le site de l'Université de Genève]</ref><ref>[https://www.cairn.info/publications-de-Tourn%C3%A8s-Ludovic--5840.htm Publications de Ludovic Tournès \| Cairn.info]</ref><ref>[http://sirice.eu/membre/ludovic-tournes CV de Ludovic Tournès sur le site de l'Université de la Sorbonne]</ref>
	\| enregistrement =		\| enregistrement =
	\| lectures =		\| lectures =